21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 22, Problem 13QP
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The first step in the proton-proton chain produces an antielectron, or positron. What happens to the positron?
A.
It slowly works its way to the Sun’s surface, where it escapes into space.
B.
It rapidly escapes from the Sun, traveling into space at nearly the speed of light.
C.
It is rapidly converted to energy when it meets an ordinary electron, resulting in matter-antimatter annihilation.
D.
It quickly meets an ordinary electron, forming an electron-positron pair that remains stable.
E.
It joins with a nearby neutron to form a proton.
6. The binding energy is the work that must be
done to allow an object to escape to infinity.
What is the binding energy for an object:
a) on the surface of the earth
b) in a circular orbit around the earth
Theoretical massive particles that weakly interact with other matter are classified as
a.
MACHOs.
b.
WIMPs.
c.
gravitons.
d.
neutrinos.
e.
plutinos.
Chapter 22 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 22.1CYUCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2CYUCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3CYUCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.4CYUCh. 22.5 - Prob. 22.5CYUCh. 22 - Prob. 1QPCh. 22 - Prob. 2QPCh. 22 - Prob. 3QPCh. 22 - Prob. 4QPCh. 22 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 22 - Prob. 6QPCh. 22 - Prob. 7QPCh. 22 - Prob. 8QPCh. 22 - Prob. 9QPCh. 22 - Prob. 10QPCh. 22 - Prob. 11QPCh. 22 - Prob. 12QPCh. 22 - Prob. 13QPCh. 22 - Prob. 14QPCh. 22 - Prob. 15QPCh. 22 - Prob. 16QPCh. 22 - Prob. 17QPCh. 22 - Prob. 18QPCh. 22 - Prob. 19QPCh. 22 - Prob. 20QPCh. 22 - Prob. 21QPCh. 22 - Prob. 22QPCh. 22 - Prob. 24QPCh. 22 - Prob. 28QPCh. 22 - Prob. 29QPCh. 22 - Prob. 31QPCh. 22 - Prob. 32QPCh. 22 - Prob. 33QPCh. 22 - Prob. 34QPCh. 22 - Prob. 35QPCh. 22 - Prob. 36QPCh. 22 - Prob. 37QPCh. 22 - Prob. 38QPCh. 22 - Prob. 39QPCh. 22 - Prob. 40QPCh. 22 - Prob. 41QPCh. 22 - Prob. 42QPCh. 22 - Prob. 43QPCh. 22 - Prob. 44QPCh. 22 - Prob. 45QP
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- A chain of nuclear reactions in the Suns core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a helium nucleus?arrow_forwardSuppose you are designing a proton decay experiment and you can detect 50 percent of the proton decays in a tank of water. (a) How many kilograms of water would you need to see one decay per month, assuming a lifetime of 1031 y? (b) How many cubic meters of water is this? (c) If the actual lifetime is 1033 y, how long would you have to wait on an average to see a single proton decay?arrow_forward(a) A panicle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two y rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic y -ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of proton-antiproton annihilation? (The fact that such radiation is rarely observed is evidence that there is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the 0.511-MeV energy associated with electron-positron annihilation?arrow_forward
- (a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of how energetic a ray must be to travel at nearly the same speed as a ray. (b) What is the velocity of the ray relative to the ray?arrow_forward(a) What particle has the quark composition u-u-d? (b) What should its decay made be?arrow_forwardThe mass of a theoretical particle that may be associated with the uni?cation of the electroweak and strong forces is (a) How many proton masses is this? (b) How many electron masses is this? (This indicates how extremely relativistic the accelerator would have to be in order to make the particle, and how large the relativistic quantity (would have to be.)arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the approximate age of the universe from the average value of the Hubble constant, H0=20km/s . Mly. To do this, calculate the time it would take to travel 0.307 Mpc at a constant expansion rate of 20 km/s. (b) If somehow acceleration occurs, would the actual age of the universe be greater or less than that found here? Explain.arrow_forward(a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two (rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic (ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of protonantiproton annihilation? (The fact that such radiation is rarely observed is evidence that here is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the 0.511MeV energy associated with electronpositron annihilation?arrow_forwardThe net nuclear fusion reaction inside the Sun can be written as 41H 4He + E. The rest energy of each hydrogen atom is 938.78 MeV, and the rest energy of the helium-4 atom is 3 728.4 MeV. Calculate the percentage of the starting mass that is transformed to other forms of energy.arrow_forward
- (a) Verify from its quark composition that the particle could be an excited state of the proton. (b) There is a spread of about 100 MeV in the decay energy of the interpreted as uncertainty due to its short lifetime. What is its approximate lifetime? (c) Does its decay proceed via the strong or weak force?arrow_forward4. A neutral pion moving with velocity v decays into two photons; one photon of energy E1 travelling in the original direction of the parent pion and the other photon of energy E2 in the exactly opposite direction. If E1 = 2E2, find v. %3Darrow_forward14. In the β+ decay of nitrogen-12 (12.01864 u) into carbon-12 (12.00000 u), a positron with energy of 11.0 MeVis emitted. What is the energy of the electron neutrino? Assume the mass of the positron is 5.485799 x 10-4 u(same as an electron).arrow_forward
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