Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Based on given pictures the metals which relates to it has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Molecular orbital theory:
Molecular orbital theory describes molecules in electronic structure. Electrons are moving around nuclei in entire molecule. Atomic orbitals in which electrons present in one atom. Molecular orbitals in which electrons are present in more atoms. Bonding and anti-bonding orbitals are found in molecular orbital theory.
(b)
Interpretation:
From the given metals, metal with highest melting point and hardest has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Molecular orbital theory:
Molecular orbital theory describes molecules in electronic structure. Electrons are moving around nuclei in entire molecule. Atomic orbitals in which electrons present in one atom. Molecular orbitals in which electrons are present in more atoms. Bonding and anti-bonding orbitals are found in molecular orbital theory.
(c)
Interpretation:
From the given metals, metal with lowest melting point and softest has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Molecular orbital theory:
Molecular orbital theory describes molecules in electronic structure. Electrons are moving around nuclei in entire molecule. Atomic orbitals in which electrons present in one atom. Molecular orbitals in which electrons are present in more atoms. Bonding and anti-bonding orbitals are found in molecular orbital theory.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
- To measure the nickel content in steel, the alloy is dissolved in 12 M HCl and neutralized in the presence of citrate ion, which maintains iron in solution. The slightly basic solution is warmed, and dimethylglyoxime (DMG) is added to precipitate the red DMG-nickel complex quantitatively. The product is filtered, washed with cold water, and dried at 110°C. a) If 1.1634 g of steel gives 0.1795 g of precipitate, what percentage of Ni is in the steel?arrow_forward7 Describe the theory behind:- a) Precipitation Age Hardening of Aluminum alloys b) Hardenability of steels Give diagrams as well in each case.arrow_forwardThe disproportionation of CO to graphite and CO₂ is ther-modynamically favored but slow.(a) What does this mean in terms of the magnitudes of the equi-librium constant (K), rate constant (k), and activation energy (Ea)?(b) Write a balanced equation for the disproportionation of CO.(c) Calculate K꜀ at 298 K. (d) Calculate Kₚ at 298 Karrow_forward
- Which compound of Ti is the most important industrial product of titanium metal? Describe an application for this compound.arrow_forwardUsing Table 22.1, predict the structure of each of the fol- lowing silicate minerals (network, sheets, double chains, and so forth). Give the oxidation state of each atom. (a) Andradite, Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 (b) Vlasovite, Na,ZrSi,O10 (c) Hardystonite, Ca,ZnSi¿O7 (d) Chrysotile, Mg;Si,O5(OH)4arrow_forwardStructure of the Bis-( dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II) ( write the C.N , geometry type):arrow_forward
- Several transition metals are prepared by reduction of themetal halide with magnesium. Titanium is prepared by the Krollmethod, in which ore (ilmenite) is converted to the gaseous chlo-ride, which is then reduced to Ti metal by molten Mg. Assuming yields of 84% for step 1 and 93% for step 2,and an excess of the other reactants, what mass of Ti metal canbe prepared from 21.5 metric tons of ilmenite?arrow_forwardWhich of the following substances is added to the blast furnace (together with the iron ore and coke) to produce the slag? (A) Silica, SiO2 (B) Quicklime, CaO (C) Limestone, CaCO3 (D) Baking soda, NaHCO3arrow_forwardThe red color of ruby is due to the presence of Cr(III) ions at octahedral sites in the close-packed oxide lattice of Al2O3. Draw the crystal-field splitting diagram for Cr(III) in this environment. Suppose that the ruby crystal is subjected to high pressure. What do you predict for the variation in the wavelength of absorption of the ruby as a function of pressure? Explain.arrow_forward
- The final step in the smelting of FeCuS₂ is Cu₂S(s) +2Cu₂O(s) →6Cu(l) +SO₂(g)(a) Give the oxidation states of copper in Cu₂S, Cu₂O, and Cu.(b) What are the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction?arrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the blast furnace: a) Complete the labels A, B and C. b) What are the main waste gases from the blast furnace? c) Why are hot blasts of air blown into the blast furnace? Waste Gases d) Why is limestone added to the blast furnace? Write the reaction! e) Railway lines are welded together using molten iron. The molten iron is made using the 'thermit' reaction where iron oxide is reacted with aluminium powder. Why is this reaction not used to make iron on a large scale? Hot Airarrow_forwardHow many cubic feet of air at a pressure of 760 torr and 0 °C is required per ton of Fe2O3 to convert that Fe2O3 into iron in a blast furnace? For this exercise, assume air is 19% oxygen by volume.arrow_forward
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