Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 9RQ
Complement activation promotes all of the following except (a) cell lysis, (b) inflammation, (c) opsonization, (d) interferon release, (e)
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Complement activation: (a) stimulates inflammation. (b) attracts phagocytes.(c) enhances phagocytosis. (d) a, b, and c are correct.
A 24 year old previously healthy woman is evaluated for skin rash, joint pains, and renal failure. Sheis found to have decreased C3 and C4 levels and a normal factor B level. Which of the following most likely triggered the complement systemactivation in this patient?
(A) Antigens binding to igA
(B) Autoactivation of C3 component
(C) C1 components binding to C1 inhibitor
(D) C9- Lipid membrane complex formation
(E)IgG antigen complex formation
Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20 proteins that play a key rolein host defense by specifically acting in different waystoward different microorganisms.(b) Its general functions include enhancing phagocytosis byphagocytes, lysing microbes and enveloped viruses directly, and generating peptide fragments that regulateinflammation and immune responses.(c) It is a fast-acting innate host defense that works in a cascade.(d) There are three pathways classical, lectin, and alternative.(e) The effects of each activation pathways are the same.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 21 - Prob. 1RQCh. 21 - 2. The process by which neutrophils squeeze...Ch. 21 - 3. Antibodies released by plasma cells are...Ch. 21 - 5. Which antibody class is abundant in body...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5RQCh. 21 - Prob. 6RQCh. 21 - Prob. 7RQCh. 21 - Prob. 8RQCh. 21 - 9. Complement activation promotes all of the...Ch. 21 - 10. The cell type most often invaded by HIV is...
Ch. 21 - Prob. 10RQCh. 21 - 13. Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the...Ch. 21 - 15. What is complement? How does it cause...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15RQCh. 21 - Prob. 24RQCh. 21 - Prob. 25RQCh. 21 - Prob. 16RQCh. 21 - Prob. 17RQCh. 21 - Prob. 18RQCh. 21 - Prob. 12RQCh. 21 - 24. How do antibodies help defend the body?
Ch. 21 - Prob. 20RQCh. 21 - Prob. 21RQCh. 21 - Prob. 22RQCh. 21 - Prob. 23RQCh. 21 - 1. Isabella, a 6-year-old child who has been...Ch. 21 - Prob. 27RQCh. 21 - Prob. 28RQCh. 21 - 52-Year-Old Male with Multiple Sclerosis Mr. Ayers...Ch. 21 - 52-Year-Old Male with Multiple Sclerosis Mr. Ayers...Ch. 21 - 52-Year-Old Male with Multiple Sclerosis Mr. Ayers...Ch. 21 - 52-Year-Old Male with Multiple Sclerosis
Mr....
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- If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?arrow_forwardState whether each of the following statements is True Or False. If it is False, explain why. (i) Nucleated cells tend to be more resistant to complement-mediated lysis than red blood cells. (ii) The C4 and C2 complement components are present in the serum in a functionally inactive proenzyme from.arrow_forwardComplement receptors and Fc receptors both contribute to removal of immune complexes from the circulation. Surprisingly, individuals with defects in the early components of the classical complement cascade (i.e., C1, C2, or C4) suffer from an autoimmune type of kidney damage, rather than from an immunodeficiency leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Why do these complement defects lead to autoimmune kidney damage?arrow_forward
- Which of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsarrow_forwardT cells and B cells can be activated only by, (a) pathogenic microorganisms.(b) interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. (c) cells infected with viruses, bacterial cells, or cancer cells. (d) exposure to a specific antigen bound to a MHC protein on a plasma membrane.arrow_forward(47) A 40 year old man with a compliment deficiency agrees to participate in a clinical study of immune mechanism.The subject is unable to activate the complement system by classical pathway, but he can activate the complement system by alternate pathway.Deletion of which of the following compliments is consistent with these findings? (A) C2 (B) C3 (C) C5 (D) C8 (E) Factor B (F) Factor D (G) Factor H (H) von Willebrand factorarrow_forward
- Explain the mechanism by which (A) macrophages and NK cells, and (B) macrophages and effector T cells become mutually activated in the course of an innate and adaptive immune response, respectively. (C) Which gene defects would impair these mutual activation processes?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a characteristic of humoral immunity? Question 9 options: A) The cells originate in the thymus. B) The cells are most effective against intracellular pathogens. C) Humoral immune cells inhibit the immune response. D) Humoral cells make antibodies.arrow_forwardWhich of the following T cells would survive education in the thymus? (a) one that recognizes neither MHC nor self-antigen, (b) one that recognizes both MHC and self-antigen, (c) one that recognizes MHC but not self-antigen, (d) one that recognizes self-antigen but not MHC.arrow_forward
- What is complement? In what two ways is it activated?How does complement provide protection?arrow_forward13. Which of the following statements about interferons is correct? a) The local release of interferons stimulates viral replication. b) Interferons provide humoral immunity. c) Virally infected cells release interferon as a warning to neighboring cells d) d. Interferons are produced by viruses. e) The release of interferons during inflammation stimulates fever. 14. Which of the following is NOT a normal function of the stomach? a) Absorption of alcohol. b) Emptying of chyme into the small intestine. c) Temporary storage of food. d) Mixing of food with stomach secretions. e) All the above are stomach functions 15. Acid chyme is buffered by_ a) mucus b) bicarbonate Ammonia secreted from the pancreas. c) d) urea e) gastrin 16. What property of bile salts allows them to emulsify lipids? a) the presence of cholesterol b) they can bind to hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances c) they repel water d) they allow bacteria to survive in the large intestine. e) they are activated by acid from…arrow_forwardA 40-year-old man with a complement deficiency agrees to participate in a clinical study of immune mechanisms. The subject is unable to activate the complement system by the classical pathway, but he can activate the complement system by the alternate pathway. Deletion of which of the following components is consistent with these findings? A) C2 B) C3 C) C5 D) C8 E) Factor B F) Factor D OG) Factor H OH) von Willebrand factorarrow_forward
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