Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 6P
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Photosyntheis related question (s):
When protons move out of the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?)
What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons out of the thylakoid?
We can write the formula for photosynthesis as follows:
6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
How would you write a formula for the light reactions? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant?
How would you write a formula for the Calvin cycle? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant.
Oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes (in the chloroplasts of green algae and green plants) consumeswhich of the following substrate molecules (to generate glucose, water, and oxygen product molecules)?A. C12H22O11 + H2OB. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OC. 6CO2 + 12H2OD. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6E. 6CO2 + 12H2S
In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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- Pathway of CO2 Assimilation in Maize If a maize (corn) plant is illuminated in the presence of 1"CO2, after about 1 second, more than 90% of all the radioactivity incorporated in the leaves is found at C-4 of malate, aspartate, and oxaloacetate. Only after 60 seconds does 14C appear at C-1 of 3- phosphoglycerate. Explain. ATP Consumption by Root Nodules in Legumes Bacteria residing in the root nodules of the pea plant consume more than 20% of the ATP produced by the plant. Suggest why these bacteria consume so much ATP.arrow_forwardUncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria also uncouple photoelectron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. Give an explanation for this observationarrow_forwardN1arrow_forward
- The compound Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) acts as an uncoupler of electrochemical gradients (in both mitochondria and chloroplasts) by shuttling protons across membranes. Predict the effect of a high dose of FCCP on the synthesis of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis. Rationalize your answersAnswer separately with prediction and reason please thank you so mucharrow_forwardFocusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in our textbook. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.arrow_forwardFocusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in textbooks. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.arrow_forward
- For the chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane separates the thylakoid lumen from the stroma; the protons from the photosystems are transported, like with the mitochondrial inner membrane, against the gradient from the lumen to the stroma. However, the pH(lumen) – pH (stroma) is much larger, about 3.4. Calculate delta psi (the electric potential) for the thylakoid membrane, given that ∆G of proton transport is about the same as for the mitochondrion. Then comment on its permeability to ions, compared to the mitochondrial inner membrane’s permeability to ions.arrow_forwardsuppose the cytosolic pH of Plasmodium is 7.1. Suppose PfCRT is a secondary active symporter using protons to drive VF-6-2 efflux from the digestive vacuole, DV. Suppose the membrane potential across the DV membrane is 50mV, inside positive. VF-6-2 has a 3nM concentration inside the DV and a 56nM concentration in the cytosol. What pH must the P-type ATPase establish inside of a digestive vacuole in order to allow PfCRT to spontaneously transport 1 VF-6-2 out of the DV with 1 H+ at 37°C??arrow_forwardglycolysis vs Photosynthsis List the similarities and differeces Explain their functions Explain why they have their ETC . Explain the concept of autotroph . Who is the last electron acceptor in Cellular Respiration and why? Who is the last electron acceptor in Photosynthesis and why?arrow_forward
- Photosynthesis and Respiration 121 Typical Plant Cell Chloroplasts Central Vacuole All of the unicellular algae and multicellular plants are eukaryotic and have specialized organelles called chloroplasts. The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and enzymes for the photosynthesis process. The exceptions to this rule are the photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). They are prokaryotic; that is, they don't have cell organelles like chloroplasts. However, cyanobacteria do photosynthesis, and they have chlorophyll. The chloroplast has many specialized structures. Stacks of discs, called grana, contain the chlorophyll and act like photoelectric cells. When light shines on these grana, the electrons of the chlorophyll are "activated." This is the first stage of photosynthesis. The second stage of photosynthesis involves the building of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide and water. These two ingredients will not combine unless chemical energy is provided. That energy comes from the "activated"…arrow_forwardTransport across the inner membrane of chloroplasts depends on the proton gradient established during ATP synthesis, similar to mitochondria. Can someone explain why this statement is false?arrow_forwardDescribe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.arrow_forward
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