Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 2TC
Some of the enzymes that have important uses in molecular biology procedure are extracted from prokaryotes that live in hot springs. Can you guess why?
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I'm not getting this riddle.
PART IV. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (DNA/PROTEIN SEQUENCES)
Scientists use DNA/protein sequences to figure out which organisms are most closely related
to each other. Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria used in the study of
evolutionary relationships among organisms.
DIRECTIONS: Study the table below that shows the amino acid sequences for cytochrome c
in several organisms. Compare the human amino acid sequence to the other species. Then,
for each non-human organism, circde any amino acids different from the human amino acid
sequence. Record how many differences you found in the table and answer the questions that
follow.
Organism
Biochemical Data
Ala Pro Tyr Ser
lle Asp Lys Glu Ala Lys
Val Asp
Gly Glu Lys
Glu Lys
Human
Glu
Ala
Glu Phe Ser Asp Thr Asp Lys Ser
Chicken
Pig
Glu
Ala
Thr Glu Lys
Glu Lys
Ala Pro Phe Ser Asp
Thr Asp| Thr
Pro Phe Ser Asp Thr
Phe Ser Asp
Thr
Glu
Horse
Glu
Ala
Pro
Phe
Thr
Dog
Whale
Gly Ala
Lys
Glu Lys Gly Ala
Lys
Lys
Glu
Ala
Glu
Thr
Glu
Ala
Val
Thr
Monkey
Glu…
Chapter 20 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 20.1 - describe some differences between bacteria and...Ch. 20.1 - describe the typical sizes and shapes of...Ch. 20.2 - What might explain the observation that most...Ch. 20.2 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests A few of the bacteria that...Ch. 20.2 - Some of the enzymes that have important uses in...Ch. 20.2 - Unpleasant breath odors are caused mainly by...Ch. 20.2 - As part of a study on the relationship between...Ch. 20.2 - What is the main advantage of prokaryotic fission,...Ch. 20.2 - describe the range of environments inhabited by...Ch. 20.2 - describe adaptations that help protect prokaryotes...
Ch. 20.2 - explain how prokaryotes reproduce and exchange...Ch. 20.3 - If all of Earths nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes were...Ch. 20.3 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests Many of the bacteria...Ch. 20.3 - explain how prokaryotes affect animal and plant...Ch. 20.3 - explain prokaryotes role in nutrient recycling?Ch. 20.3 - describe how prokaryotes help clean up pollution?Ch. 20.3 - describe some of the pathogenic bacteria that...Ch. 20.4 - Why are viruses unable to replicate outside of a...Ch. 20.4 - Biotechnologists often use viruses to transfer...Ch. 20.4 - describe the structure and characteristics of...Ch. 20.4 - describe the effects they can have on host...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 20.4 - Unwelcome Dinner Guests How do harmful bacteria...Ch. 20 - The name of the process by which DNA is...Ch. 20 - A community of prokaryotes surrounded by slime and...Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements about archaea is...Ch. 20 - Viruses a. are usually photosynthetic. b. consist...Ch. 20 - Applying fertilizer near an oil spill to Increase...Ch. 20 - ____________, have peptidoglycan in...Ch. 20 - Prokaryotic cells are ____________,...Ch. 20 - Many prokaryotes use ____________ to move about....Ch. 20 - ____________,bacteria inhabit environments that...Ch. 20 - Prokaryotes reproduce by ____________ and may...Ch. 20 - The plant nutrient ammonium is produced by...Ch. 20 - Cholera, gonorrhea, and pneumonia are some of the...Ch. 20 - A virus consists of a molecule of __________ or...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the ways in which prokaryotes...Ch. 20 - What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and what role...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the extreme environments in which...Ch. 20 - What is an endospore? What is its function?Ch. 20 - What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in...Ch. 20 - Why are prokaryotes especially useful in...Ch. 20 - Describe the structure of a typical virus. How do...Ch. 20 - Describe some examples of how prokaryotes are...Ch. 20 - How do archaea and bacteria differ? How do...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1ACCh. 20 - Before the discovery of prions, many (perhaps...
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- In the Isolation of DNA, what is the role of Proteinase K? Choose the best answer -Remove disulfied bonds in proteins -Inhibit enzymes -Catalyze breAkdown of Nucleic acids -Degrade proteinsarrow_forwardElectrostatics has an important role to play in modern molecular biology. Explain this statement.arrow_forwardIs the statement "Nucleic acids are found in the nucleoid region of prokaryotes" incorrect or correct?arrow_forward
- Scientists have used genetic technology to develop strains of bacteria that are especially suited for cleaning up oil spills. How would you evaluate the use of this technology for this purpose? In your answer, discuss the advantages and disadvantage of using genetic technology in solving the problem the Kalba sea oil spill.arrow_forwardWhy do you think all organisms use nucleic acids for encoding genetic information? Why not use proteins or carbohydrates? What advantages might DNA have as the source of genetic information?arrow_forwardBeadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In subsequent years, many exceptions to this hypothesis were noted. A molecule of hemoglobin fails to support this hypothesis for which of the following reasons? n eukaryotes, one gene can code form multiple isoforms of a polypeptide. The functional hemoglobin protein is made from multiple polypeptides. Not all enzymes are proteins. Not all genes encode proteins.arrow_forward
- in lecture we learned that translation is the process of what happens when a strand of RNA is translated into protein with the use of genetic information from RNA. i understand that the process is very different from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. My question is what would happen if the processes were switched? like the process for eukaryotes was now for prokaryotes and vice versa. Would it work but just not be as efficient or not work at all?arrow_forwardThe Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes. In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point. References:arrow_forwardNASA sends a mission to Mars that brings back a new life form! It is carbon-based and its genetic material is similar to Earth DNA except that it uses 6 different nucleotide bases instead of 4. Its proteins are also similar to those on Earth, but there are 60 different amino acids instead of 20. In order to study this new life form further, the National Science Foundation asks you for your ideas about the genetic code for this organism. How many spaces would you propose are in each codon of the genetic code for this new organism? Why?arrow_forward
- While the three previous paragraphs put on some details about enzymes, a Russian physician and chemist named Phoebus Levene focused on the three major components of a single nucleotide (phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base) in 1919. He was also the first to discover the carbohydrate component of RNA (ribose), and carbohydrate component of DNA (deoxyribose). Years later, Levene finally identified how DNA and RNA molecules are put together Then in 1937, Hans Krebs discovered the most famous (probably) process that occur during cell respiration. This series of chemical reactions has three names such as the Citric Acid Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Krebs Cycle. In this process, glucose and oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, water, and energy. While working on bacterial samples, Oswald Avery first suggested in 1944 that the genetic material of the cell was possibly the deoxyribonucleic acid. In the middle of the 20th Century, Erwin Chargaff began to oppose Levene's…arrow_forwardYou are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be a cause of a rare cancer. You isolate the suspected protein from a person with this cancer and compare it to the same protein in a person without the cancer. You discover that the protein isolated from the cancer patient is slightly smaller in size when compared to the protein from the unaffected patient. Furthermore, you discover that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino acid starting after the 23rd amino acid. What is the likely explanation?arrow_forwardWhich statement below is true? Select one: O a. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3' to 5', whereas in prokaryotes it is from 5' to 3' O b. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3', whereas in prokaryotes it is random. O c. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3, whereas in prokaryotes it is from 3' to 5'! O d. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the template strand of DNA is read in the template's 3' to 5' direction, while the new strand DNA is synthesized in new strand's 5' to 3' direction. O e. Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication.arrow_forward
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