Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897961
Author: YOUNG, Hugh D./
Publisher: Pearson College Div
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 44E
As a budding mechanical engineer, you are called upon to design a Carnot engine that has 2.00 mol of a monatomic ideal gas as its working substance and operates from a high- temperature reservoir at 500°C. The engine is to lift a 15.0-kg weight 2.00 m per cycle, using 500 J of heat input. The gas in the engine chamber can have a minimum volume of 5.00 L during the cycle, (a) Draw a pV-diagram for this cycle. Show in your diagram where heat enters and leaves the gas. (b) What must be the temperature of the cold reservoir? (c) What is the thermal efficiency of the engine? (d) How much heat energy does this engine waste per cycle? (e) What is the maximum pressure that the gas chamber will have to withstand?
Expert Solution & Answer
Learn your wayIncludes step-by-step video
schedule10:17
Students have asked these similar questions
A manufacturer claims that a
real heat engine can operate
between two temperatures,
TH=489° C and To=135
°C, and, the engine is able to
take 73kJ from the hot side,
do some work and then
reject 22kJ to the cold side.
Determine the amount of
work done by a Carnot engine
operating between the same
two temperatures and taking
73kJ from the hot side (in kJ
).
As a budding mechanical engineer, you are called upon todesign a Carnot engine that has 2.00 mol of a monatomic ideal gas asits working substance and operates from a high-temperature reservoir at500 C. The engine is to lift a 15.0 kg weight 2.00 m per cycle, using 500 Jof heat input. The gas in the engine chamber can have a minimum volumeof 5.00 L during the cycle. Draw a pV-diagram for this cycle. Show in your diagram where heat enters and leaves the gas.
A Carnot cycle is a thermodynamic process consisting of four stages: 1) isothermal expansion; 2) adiabatic expansion; 3) isothermal compression; and 4) adiabatic compression back to the original state. Assuming you have 1.00 mol of a monatomic ideal gas at standard state and the volume is doubling during stage 1 (isothermal expansion), calculate the change in internal energy for this part of the Carnot cycle.
A)22.4 J
B) 2.27 kJ
C)-2.27 kJ
D)-1.72 kJ
E)0 J
For the same system as in Question ^, calculate the change in temperature for the second stage (adiabatic expansion), assuming that the volume doubles yet again (that is, it is twice as large as the volume at the end of stage 1 but four times greater than the initial volume at the beginning of stage
A) 0K
B) 188K
C) -188K
D) -110K
E) 110K
Chapter 20 Solutions
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1DQCh. 20 - Prob. 2DQCh. 20 - Prob. 3DQCh. 20 - Prob. 4DQCh. 20 - Prob. 5DQCh. 20 - Prob. 6DQCh. 20 - Prob. 7DQCh. 20 - Prob. 8DQCh. 20 - Prob. 9DQCh. 20 - Prob. 10DQ
Ch. 20 - Prob. 11DQCh. 20 - Prob. 12DQCh. 20 - Prob. 13DQCh. 20 - Prob. 14DQCh. 20 - Prob. 15DQCh. 20 - Prob. 16DQCh. 20 - Prob. 17DQCh. 20 - Prob. 18DQCh. 20 - Prob. 19DQCh. 20 - Prob. 20DQCh. 20 - Prob. 21DQCh. 20 - Prob. 22DQCh. 20 - Prob. 23DQCh. 20 - Prob. 1ECh. 20 - Prob. 2ECh. 20 - Prob. 3ECh. 20 - Prob. 4ECh. 20 - Prob. 5ECh. 20 - Prob. 6ECh. 20 - Prob. 7ECh. 20 - Prob. 8ECh. 20 - Prob. 9ECh. 20 - Prob. 10ECh. 20 - Prob. 11ECh. 20 - Prob. 12ECh. 20 - Prob. 13ECh. 20 - Prob. 14ECh. 20 - Prob. 15ECh. 20 - Prob. 16ECh. 20 - Prob. 17ECh. 20 - Prob. 18ECh. 20 - Prob. 19ECh. 20 - Prob. 20ECh. 20 - Prob. 21ECh. 20 - Prob. 22ECh. 20 - Prob. 23ECh. 20 - Prob. 24ECh. 20 - Prob. 25ECh. 20 - Prob. 26ECh. 20 - Prob. 27ECh. 20 - Prob. 28ECh. 20 - Prob. 29ECh. 20 - Prob. 30ECh. 20 - Prob. 31ECh. 20 - Prob. 32ECh. 20 - Prob. 33ECh. 20 - Prob. 34ECh. 20 - Prob. 35ECh. 20 - Prob. 36ECh. 20 - Prob. 37ECh. 20 - Prob. 38ECh. 20 - Prob. 39ECh. 20 - Prob. 40ECh. 20 - Prob. 41ECh. 20 - Prob. 42ECh. 20 - Prob. 43ECh. 20 - As a budding mechanical engineer, you are called...Ch. 20 - Prob. 45ECh. 20 - Prob. 46ECh. 20 - Prob. 47ECh. 20 - Prob. 48ECh. 20 - Prob. 49ECh. 20 - Prob. 50ECh. 20 - Prob. 51ECh. 20 - Prob. 52ECh. 20 - Prob. 53ECh. 20 - Prob. 54ECh. 20 - Prob. 55ECh. 20 - Prob. 56ECh. 20 - Prob. 57ECh. 20 - Prob. 58ECh. 20 - Prob. 59ECh. 20 - Prob. 60ECh. 20 - Prob. 61ECh. 20 - Prob. 62ECh. 20 - Prob. 63ECh. 20 - Prob. 64E
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
11. You are walking up an icy slope. Suddenly your feet slip, and you start to slide backward. Will you slide a...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
For a solid, we also define the linear thermal expansion coefficient, a, as the fractional increase in length p...
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
(a) Show that .
[Hint: Use integration by parts.]
(b) Let be the step function: . (1.95)
Show that .
Introduction to Electrodynamics
Explain all answers clearly, using complete sentences and proper essay structure if needed. An asterisk (*) des...
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
Youre investigating ladder safety for the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Your test case is a uniform ladde...
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
The proton is a composite particle composed of three quarks, all of which are either up quarks (u; charge +23e)...
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- At point A in a Carnot cycle, 2.34 mol of a monatomic ideal gas has a pressure of 1 4000 kPa, a volume of 10.0 L, and a temperature of 720 K. The gas expands isothermally to point B and then expands adiabatically to point C, where its volume is 24.0 L. An isothermal compression brings it to point D, where its volume is 15.0 L. An adiabatic process returns the gas to point A. (a) Determine all the unknown pressures, volumes, and temperatures as you f ill in the following table: (b) Find the energy added by heat, the work done by the engine, and the change in internal energy for each of the steps A B, B C, C D, and D A (c) Calculate the efficiency Wnet/|Qk|. (d) Show that the efficiency is equal to 1 - TC/TA, the Carnot efficiency.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as a working substance, which is considered as an ideal diatomic gas with =7.5 at the working temperatures of the engine. The Carnot cycle goes in the cycle ABCDA with AB being an isothermal expansion. The volume at points A and C of the cycle are 5.0103 m3 and 0.15 L, respectively. The engine operates between two thermal baths of temperature 500 K 300 K. (a) Find the values of volume at B and D. (b) How much heat is absorbed by the gas in the AB isothermal expansion? (c) How much work is done by the gas in the AB isothermal expansion? (d) How much heat is given up by the gas in the CD isothermal expansion? (e) How much work is done by the gas in the CD isothermal compression? (f) How much work is done by the gas in the BC adiabatic expansion? (g) How much work is done by the gas in the DA adiabatic compression? (h) Find the value of efficiency of the engine based on the net and heat input. Compare this value to the efficiency of a Carnot engine based on the temperatures of the baths.arrow_forwardTwo moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as oxygen is compressed adiabatically and reversibly from a state (3 atm, 5 L) to a state with a pressure of 4 atm. (a) Find the volume and temperature of the final state. (b) Find the temperature of the initial state. (c) Find work done by the gas in the process. (d) Find the change in internal energy in the process. Assume Cv=5R and Cp=Cv+R for the diatomic ideal gas in the conditions given.arrow_forward
- A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at 373 K to one at 273 K. What is the time rate of change of the universe's entropy for this process?arrow_forwardA Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency drops to 0.55. If initially Tc=27, determine (a) the constant value of Th and (b) the final value of Tc.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 . Find the efficiency of the Carnot engine.arrow_forward
- How could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency?arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P18.63. The process AB is a reversible isothermal expansion. Calculate (a) the net work done by the gas, (b) the energy added to the gas by heat, (c) the energy exhausted from the gas by heat, and (d) the efficiency of the cycle. (e) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperature extremes. Figure P18.63arrow_forwardOf the following, which is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) No heat engine operating in a cycle can absorb energy from a reservoir and use it entirely to do work, (b) No real engine operating between two energy reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs, (c) When a system undergoes a change in state, the change in the internal energy of the system is the sum of the energy transferred to the system by heat and the work done on the system, (d) The entropy of the Universe increases in all natural processes, (e) Energy will not spontaneously transfer by heat from a cold object to a hot object.arrow_forward
- Find the work done in the quasi-static processes shown below. The states are given as (p, V) values for the points in the PV plane: 1 (3 atm, 4 L), 2 (3 atm, 6 L), 3 (5 atm, 4 L), 4 (2 atm, 6 L), 5 (4 atm, 2 L), 6 (5 atm, 5 L) and 7 (2 atm, 5 L).arrow_forwardAs shown below, calculate the work done by the gas in the quasi-static processes represented by the paths (a) AB; (b) ADB; (c) ACB; and (d) ADCB. `arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) S 0 (b) S = 0 (c) S 0arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Flow, Entropy, and Microstates; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrwW4w2nAMc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY