Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119329398
Author: Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Chapter 20, Problem 23CP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The way, in which the heart rate is adjusted by the sympathetic and the parasympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system (ANS).
Introduction:
The task of adjusting the heart rate is assigned to the ANS of the peripheral nervous system. The cardiovascular centers are located in the medulla oblongata below the brainstem. The ANS has three branches, namely, enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic along with the parasympathetic divisions are primarily responsible for adjusting the heart rate.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 20 - l. Define each of the following external features...Ch. 20 - 2. Describe the structure of the pericardium and...Ch. 20 - 3. What are the characteristic internal features...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4CPCh. 20 - 5. What is the relationship between wall thickness...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6CPCh. 20 - What causes the heart valves to open and to close?...Ch. 20 - In correct sequence, which heart chambers, heart...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9CPCh. 20 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 20 - 11. In what ways are autorhythmic fibers similar...Ch. 20 - What happens during each of the three phases of an...Ch. 20 - 13. In what ways are ECGs helpful in diagnosing...Ch. 20 - How does each ECG wave, interval, and segment...Ch. 20 - 15. Why must left ventricular pressure be greater...Ch. 20 - Prob. 16CPCh. 20 - During which two periods of the cardiac cycle do...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18CPCh. 20 - Prob. 19CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20CPCh. 20 - Prob. 21CPCh. 20 - Define cardiac reserve. How does it change with...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23CPCh. 20 - 24. What are some of the cardiovascular benefits...Ch. 20 - Prob. 25CPCh. 20 - Prob. 26CPCh. 20 - Why is the cardiovascular system one of the first...Ch. 20 - From which tissue does the heart develop?Ch. 20 - Gerald recently visited the dentist. During the...Ch. 20 - 2. Unathletic Sylvia resolves to begin an exercise...Ch. 20 - 3. Mr. Perkins is a large, 62-year-old man with a...
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- Which division of the nervous system is able to alter heart rate, stroke volume and total vascular resistance to adjust arterial blood pressure?arrow_forwardWhat influence of the autonomic nervous system in increasing and decreasing the heart rate?arrow_forwardWhat effect would stimulating the acetylcholine receptors of the heart have on cardiac output?arrow_forward
- What effect will an increase in sympathetic activity have on heart rate, force of contraction, and arteriolar diameter?arrow_forwardWhat effect will an increase in parasympathetic activity have on heart rate, force of contraction, and arteriolar diameter?arrow_forwardWhat effects do parasympathetic stimulation andsympathetic stimulation have on heart rate, force ofcontraction, and stroke volume?arrow_forward
- Which nerves of the body carry ANS fibers that innervate the SA and AV nodes of the heart? Which of the nerves you listed carry sympathetic fibers and which carry parasympathetic fibers? What is the effect of increased sympathetic impulses on heart rate? What about increased parasympathetic impulses?arrow_forwardIn your study of neuron physiology, you learned that depolarization is dependent on the sodium entry (influx), and repolarization contingent on the potassium exit (efflux.) Compare the action potential in the heart’s intrinsic conduction and contractile cells, then explain why the electrocardiogram has different parts (P, QRS complex, and T wave.)?arrow_forwardIn response to a severe hemorrhage, blood pressure lowers, the heart rate increases dramatically, and the stroke volume lowers. If low blood pressure activates a reflex that increases sympathetic stimulation of the heart, why is the stroke volume low?arrow_forward
- What is the general parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the heart?arrow_forwardWhat neurotransmitters are released by the parasympatheticand sympathetic postganglionic neurons of the heart?What effects do they have on membrane permeability andexcitability?arrow_forwardIf the cardioinhibitory center of the medulla oblongata were damaged, which division of the autonomic nervous system would be affected, and how would the heart be influenced?arrow_forward
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