Sub part (a):
To determine: The flow of income.
Sub part (a):
Explanation of Solution
The construction of school forces the government to boost is expenses in the market by increasing business revenues. Resource owners of the school construction have a raise in income. These resources need to be side tracked from private sector. Taxes might have to increase to construct the high school.
In case, the economy is facing an
Concept Introduction
Circular flow: It is a way of representing the flow of money between the two main groups in society - producers (firms) and consumers (households). This flow is a part of the fundamental process for satisfying human wants.
Sub part (b):
To determine: The flow of income and impact of tax.
Sub part (b):
Explanation of Solution
It reduces the financial resources transfer from the businesses to the government. Then the business tax reduces and thus, the business owners will get a bigger percent of the income. These companies use the amplified profits to acquire capital commodities and labor. The weakening of the commercial income tax forces the government to reduce spending, and corporate spending increases the causing resource reallocation.
In case, the economy is facing unemployment and no reduction in government expenses, we see an increased spending if the companies increase their expenses on capital commodities. The distribution effect will have a dependency in knowing if the profits are going straight to people with a higher income or are these being spent for the assets and employees of the organization.
Sub part (c)
The impact over the resource reallocation of the economy.
Sub part (c)
Explanation of Solution
This will cause an increase in commodities and services to people from the government or this can be termed as net taxes that are being reduced, which is the same to a raise in transfer payments. This is the income’s redistribution in support of the people who are not wealthy. Resources to be paid by the government will be going up as additional teachers need to be employed and salaried.
This will need the resource reallocation from the private sector to the public sector by reducing the unemployment rate. In this case, there will be an upward pressure on prices to an extent if this is a transfer payment program and the production will not increase.
Sub part (d):
The impact over the resource reallocation of the economy.
Sub part (d):
Explanation of Solution
This will cause an increase in net taxes paid by business. As the business will see this as an increase in costs, it will bring down its demand for resources. This will lead to resource markets that have a low flow of income.
The households will reduce their demand for utilization of commodities and services from companies as they have a low income. So the net household taxes that the government receives will decrease. The distribution of income will be away from profits toward the other three categories to the extent that the total tax revenues increase.
There will be a slight increase in the allocation of resources from the private sector to the public sector. Resources will also be allocated towards pollution control equipment. As the supply has reduced due to the increase in costs to business, unemployment and thus, the prices will increase.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
MICROECONOMICS(LL)COMPANION
- Suppose George made $20,000 last year and that he lives in the country of Harmony. The way Harmony levies income taxes, each citizen must pay 10 percent in taxes on their first $10,000 in earnings and then 50 percent in taxes on anything else they might earn. So given that George earned $20,000 last year, his marginal tax rate on the last dollar he earns will be __________ and his average tax rate for his entire income will be _________________. a. 50 percent; 50 percent. b. 50 percent; less than 50 percent. c. 10 percent; 50 percent. d. 10 percent; less than 50 percent.arrow_forwardEconomics Below is a tax table. Assume I earn $150 a year. My tax bracket is my marginal tax rate is I pay in taxes. my average tax rate is ; and O to $100 is 10% $101 to $200 is 15% $201 to $300 is 20% O 10%; 15%; 13.5%; $17.50 O 15%; 15%; 11.7%; $17.50 O none of these O 15%; 15%; 12.5%; $13.50arrow_forwardFigure: Commodity Tax Price $2.25 1.75 1.50 0 100 200 325 400 D₂ D₁ Quantity If a $0.75 tax is imposed on sellers of candy bars, the new equilibrium is: O 325 candy bars at $2.25 each. 325 candy bars at $1.50 each. 325 candy bars at $1.75 each. 400 candy bars at $2.25 each.arrow_forward
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- Suppose that the U.S. government decides to charge cola producers a tax. Before the tax, 30 billion cases of cola were sold every year at a price of $4 per case. After the tax, 23 billion cases of cola are sold every year; consumers pay $5 per case, and producers receive $2 per case (after paying the tax). The amount of the tax on a case of cola is $_________ per case. Of this amount, the burden that falls on consumers is $_________ per case, and the burden that falls on producers is $__________ per case. True or False: The effect of the tax on the quantity sold would have been smaller if the tax had been levied on consumers.arrow_forward4. Suppose that there are two households in the economy, A and B, that they face the same wage rate w, and that the government initially uses a proportional income tax according to which each household must pay a fraction t of its labor income as income tax. Assume that given this tax scheme household A chooses to work full time while household B chooses to work part time. Now suppose that the government is interesting in studying the impact of changing the tax system to a progressive tax system where the household work- ing full time would pay a tax rate th >t while the household working part time would pay a rate ti < t. (a) Draw a graph of the impact of this change on the budget constraint that households face with the two different tax systems. (b) What would such a change in the tax system imply for the optimal choice of the two households?arrow_forward4 l 51% a 12:02 O Worksheet (25%) Suppose that the governrnent irmposes a tax oni cigarettes. Use the diagram below to answer the questions D is the demand curve before tax S is the supply curve before tax and S is the supply curve after the tax. Price 18 12 10 10 12 Qua (a) For the market for cigarettes without the tax indicate: () Price paid by consumers (1i) Price paid by producers () Quantity of cigarettes sold (iv) Buyer's reservation pricearrow_forward
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Principles of MicroeconomicsEconomicsISBN:9781305156050Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning