Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 82PQ
To determine
The expression for the average velocity in the
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Which of the following statements is incorrect?
O A scalar quantity specifies both the magnitude and unit.
O In a coordinate system, the x-component in quadrant 1 is always positive.
O A vector quantity specifies both the magnitude and direction.
Distance and displacement are always equal in magnitude.
O Acceleration is a rate of change of velocity.
A
A particle is moving along a curve. Its x position is described by x = t² m while its y position is given by
the function y = 2 + tªm. Determine the following:
a. Sketch an x-y plot of the particle's path, showing the starting position (at t = 0) of and the direction taken
by the particle
b.
At t = 1 sec, determine the velocity and acceleration vectors of the particle. (Express in Cartesian vector
form)
c. At t = 1 sec, determine the normal and tangential components of the acceleration. Show the vector
diagram of the components.
d.
Determine the magnitude of the acceleration at t= 1 sec.
n the
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Karen shouts across a canyon and hears an
echo 8.7 s later.
How wide is the canyon? The speed of
sound is 343 m/s.
Answer in units of m.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 2.2 - In each of the five motion diagrams shown in...Ch. 2.3 - For each of the following, give the vector...Ch. 2.5 - Figure 2.11 shows the motion of various objects:...Ch. 2.6 - The top marathon runners complete the race in...Ch. 2.6 - In our everyday experience, we sometimes use the...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 2.6CECh. 2.8 - Kinematics graphs are great for showing how a...Ch. 2 - Is the Moons motion around the Earth...Ch. 2 - An animals tracks are frozen in the snow (Fig....Ch. 2 - Problems 3 and 12 are paired. G A particle moves...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 4PQCh. 2 - For each of the following velocity vectors, give...Ch. 2 - In the traditional Hansel and Gretel fable, the...Ch. 2 - After a long and grueling race, two cadets, A and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8PQCh. 2 - Elisha Graves Otis invented the elevator brake in...Ch. 2 - As shown in Figure 2.9, Whipple chose a coordinate...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11PQCh. 2 - Prob. 12PQCh. 2 - A race car travels 825 km around a circular sprint...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14PQCh. 2 - A train leaving Albuquerque travels 293 miles, due...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16PQCh. 2 - The position of a particle attached to a vertical...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18PQCh. 2 - Prob. 19PQCh. 2 - Prob. 20PQCh. 2 - During a relay race, you run the first leg of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 22PQCh. 2 - Prob. 23PQCh. 2 - Prob. 24PQCh. 2 - During a thunderstorm, a frightened child is...Ch. 2 - Scientists and engineers must interpret problems...Ch. 2 - Prob. 27PQCh. 2 - Prob. 28PQCh. 2 - A In attempting to break one of his many swimming...Ch. 2 - A The instantaneous speed of a particle moving...Ch. 2 - A particles velocity is given by vy(t)=atj, where...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32PQCh. 2 - Figure P2.33 shows the y-position (in blue) of a...Ch. 2 - A particles position is given by z(t) = (7.50...Ch. 2 - Prob. 35PQCh. 2 - Two sprinters start a race along a straight track...Ch. 2 - An electronic line judge camera captures the...Ch. 2 - During a bungee jump, a student (i) initially...Ch. 2 - Prob. 39PQCh. 2 - Prob. 40PQCh. 2 - Prob. 41PQCh. 2 - Prob. 42PQCh. 2 - Prob. 43PQCh. 2 - Prob. 44PQCh. 2 - A computer system, using a preset coordinate...Ch. 2 - In Example 2.6, we considered a simple model for a...Ch. 2 - A uniformly accelerating rocket is found to have a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 48PQCh. 2 - A driver uniformly accelerates his car such that...Ch. 2 - Car A and car B travel in the same direction along...Ch. 2 - Accelerating uniformly to overtake a slow-moving...Ch. 2 - An object that moves in one dimension has the...Ch. 2 - A particle moves along the positive x axis with a...Ch. 2 - Case Study Crall and Whipple attached a fan to a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 55PQCh. 2 - The engineer of an intercity train observes a rock...Ch. 2 - A pebble is thrown downward from a 44.0-m-high...Ch. 2 - In a cartoon program, Peter tosses his baby,...Ch. 2 - Tadeh launches a model rocket straight up from his...Ch. 2 - Prob. 60PQCh. 2 - In the movie Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back,...Ch. 2 - A worker tosses bricks one by one to a coworker on...Ch. 2 - A rock is thrown straight up into the air with an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 64PQCh. 2 - A sounding rocket, launched vertically upward with...Ch. 2 - Prob. 66PQCh. 2 - While strolling downtown on a Saturday Afternoon,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 68PQCh. 2 - A trooper is moving due south along the freeway at...Ch. 2 - A dancer moves in one dimension back and forth...Ch. 2 - The electrical impulse initiated by the nerves in...Ch. 2 - Two cars leave Seattle at the same time en route...Ch. 2 - An object begins to move along the y axis and its...Ch. 2 - Prob. 74PQCh. 2 - Prob. 75PQCh. 2 - Two carts are set in motion at t = 0 on a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 77PQCh. 2 - Cars A and B each move to the right with constant...Ch. 2 - Prob. 79PQCh. 2 - Prob. 80PQCh. 2 - Prob. 82PQCh. 2 - Prob. 83PQCh. 2 - A Write expressions for the average acceleration...Ch. 2 - Prob. 85PQCh. 2 - Prob. 86PQCh. 2 - In 1898, the world land speed record was set by...Ch. 2 - In Example 2.12, two circus performers rehearse a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 89PQ
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- During the battle of Bunker Hill, Colonel William Prescott ordered the American Army to bombard the British Army camped near Boston. The projectiles had an initial velocity of 45 m/s at 35 above the horizon and an initial position that was 35 m higher than where they hit the ground. How far did the projectiles move horizontally before they hit the ground? Ignore air resistance.arrow_forwardA rock is thrown horizontally off a 56.0-m-high cliff overlooking the ocean, and the sound of the splash is heard 3.60 s later. If the speed of sound in air at this location is 343 m/s, what was the initial velocity of the rock?arrow_forwardIf a particles speed is always increasing, what are the possible angles between the particles velocity and acceleration?arrow_forward
- A softball is hit with an initial velocity of 29.0 m/s at an angle of 60.0 above the horizontal and impacts the top of the outfield fence 5.00 s later. Assuming the initial height of the softball was 0.500 m above (level) ground, what are the balls horizontal and vertical displacements?arrow_forwardFigure P2.33 shows the y-position (in blue) of a particle versus time. a. What is the average velocity of the particle during the time interval t = 1.00 s to t = 3.50 s? b. Using the tangent to the curve (shown as the orange line in the figure), what is the instantaneous velocity of the particle at t = 1.50 s? c. At what time is the velocity of the particle equal to zero? FIGURE P2.33arrow_forwardA During the battle of Bunker Hill, Colonel William Prescott ordered the American Army to bombard the British Army camped near Boston. The projectiles had an initial velocity of v measured in meters per second at an angle above the horizon and an initial position that was h higher than where they hit the ground. How far did the projectiles move horizontally before they hit the ground? Ignore air resistance.arrow_forward
- An arrow is fired with initial velocity v0 at an angle from the top of battlements, a height h above the ground. a. In terms of h, v0, , and g, what is the time at which the arrow reaches its maximum height? b. In terms of h, v0, , and g, what is the maximum height above the ground reached by the arrow?arrow_forwardA delivery man starts at the post office, drives 40 km north, then 20 km west, then 60 km northeast, and finally 50 km north to stop for lunch. Use the analytical method to determine the following: (a) Find his net displacement vector. (b) How far is the restaurant from the post office? (c) If he returns directly from the restaurant to the post office, what is his displacement vector on the return trip? (d) What Is his compass heading on the return trip? Assume the +x-axis is to the east.arrow_forwardA projectile is launched up and to the right over flat, level ground. If air resistance is ignored, its maximum range occurs when the angle between its initial velocity and the ground is 45. Which angles would result in the range being equal to half the maximum?arrow_forward
- For each of the following velocity vectors, give the vector component, the scalar component, and the magnitude. a. v=35.0jm/s b. vx = 53.0 m/s c. vz = 3.50 m/s d. v=5.30m/sarrow_forwardTadeh launches a model rocket straight up from his backyard that takes 4.50 s to reach its maximum altitude. (After launch, the rockets motion is only influenced by gravity.) a. What is the rockets initial velocity? b. What is the maximum altitude reached by the rocket?arrow_forwardA train leaving Albuquerque travels 293 miles, due east, to Amarillo. The train spends a couple of days at the station in Amarillo and then heads back west 107 miles where it stops in Tucumcari. Suppose the positive x direction points to the east and Albuquerque is at the origin of this axis. a. What is the total distance traveled by the train from Albuquerque to Tucumcari? b. What is the displacement of the train for the entire journey? Give both answers in appropriate SI units.arrow_forward
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