Chapter 2, Problem 66IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All the carbon atoms with electron deficient sites have to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecule: The molecule with atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.

Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

The increase in electron density at one position with corresponding decrease in electron density at another position is called resonance effect.

Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.

• If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.
• If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, electrons are not equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in polar covalent bond and withdrawal of electrons takes place.

Withdrawal of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms is called inductive effect.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All the carbon atoms with electron deficient sites have to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecule: The molecule with atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.

Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

The increase in electron density at one position with corresponding decrease in electron density at another position is called resonance effect.

Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.

• If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.
• If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, electrons are not equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in polar covalent bond and withdrawal of electrons takes place.

Withdrawal of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms is called inductive effect.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All the carbon atoms with electron deficient sites have to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecule: The molecule with atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.

Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

The increase in electron density at one position with corresponding decrease in electron density at another position is called resonance effect.

Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.

• If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.
• If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, electrons are not equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in polar covalent bond and withdrawal of electrons takes place.

Withdrawal of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms is called inductive effect.