Principles of Macroeconomics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133023671
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 5P
Subpart (a)
To determine
Trade-off situation and
Subpart (b)
To determine
Trade-off situation and opportunity cost involved in statement.
Subpart (c)
To determine
Trade-off situation and opportunity cost involved in statement.
Subpart (d)
To determine
Trade-off situation and opportunity cost involved in statement.
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Briefly describe the trade-offs involved in each of the following decisions. Specifically, list some of the opportunity costs associated with each decision, paying particular attention to the trade-offs between present and future consumption.
a. After a stressful senior year in high school, Sherice decides to take the summer off instead of working before going to college.
b. Frank is overweight and decides to work out every day and to go on a diet.
c. Mei is diligent about taking her car in for routine maintenance even though it takes 2 hours of her time and costs $100 four times each year.
d. Jim is in a hurry. He runs a red light on the way to work.
One of the lessons of economics is that “there is no such thing as a free lunch.” This means that businesses, consumers, and whole societies face trade-offs whenever they make a decision. Please draw on your own experiences to discuss the following three items. Make sure you use economic concepts in your main contribution.
Explain a decision that you have made at work, or one concerning your career, or any major life decision that you have made.
Identify and explain the trade-offs that you faced.
List the alternatives you had, identify the highest valued alternative, and explain your final decision to the class.
Part 1 Identify the elements of scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost in each of the following:
1. The manager of an automobile assembly plant is considering whether to produce cars or sport utility vehicles (SUVs) next month. Assume that the quantities of labor and other materials required would be the same for either type of production.
2. A young man who went to work as a nurses’ aide after graduating from high school leaves his job to go to college, where he will obtain training as a registered nurse.
If all other things are unchanged, what happens to the supply curve for car rentals if there is (a) an increase in wages paid to car rental staff, (b) an increase in the price of car rentals, or (c) an increase in the number of car rental stores? Draw a graph that shows what happens to the supply curve in each circumstance.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Principles of Macroeconomics (11th Edition)
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- Identify the elements of scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost in each of the following: 1. The manager of an automobile assembly plant is considering whether to produce cars or sport utility vehicles (SUVs) next month. Assume that the quantities of labor and other materials required would be the same for either type of production. 2. A young man who went to work as a nurses’ aide after graduating from high school leaves his job to go to college, where he will obtain training as a registered nurse.arrow_forwardKatie loves swimming. Every afternoon, she visits the local swimming pool for a swim. The entry cost to the pool costs Katie $10 but she can swim for as long as she wants. Once she has entered the pool and paid the fee, Katie wonders how many hours should she spend swimming if she were to think like an economist. She expects to gain an incremental benefit of $21 from the first hour of swimming, then gains subsequent incremental benefits of $17 from the second, $11 from the third and $4 from the fourth. For every hour spent swimming, it will cost Katie $6 as she could have spent the time doing her homework. In determining how many hours Katie should be swimming, the $10 entry fee to the pool is a/an Type A for Average cost, M for Marginal cost, S for Sunk cost or O for Opportunity cost. Using marginal analysis, what is the optimal amount of hours Katie should spend swimming? The maximum surplus for Katie, from spending the number of hours you found in part b, is $ Answer to the nearest…arrow_forwardEvidence accumulates that the use of chemical fertilizers, which increases agricultural production greatly, damages water quality. Explain in words how you would draw a production possibilities curve to depict this (which "good" should be placed on each axis) and why your curve would have a particular shape.arrow_forward
- Introduction to the Production Possibilities Curve (PPC) As you know, the basic economic problem is scarcity. Since we do not have enough scarce resources to satisfy everyone's needs and wants, we all have to make choices. We must choose how to spend our time, our energy, our money, and our material possessions, and for every choice that is made, a cost is suffered. The relationship between choice and cost can be shown in a graph called a production possibilities curve, or PPC. For example, consider a student who has 4 hours of free time in the evening. He or she can choose to spend some, all, or none of those 4 hours studying for a test the following day. He or she could also use the time to catch up on sleep. These choices can be graphed: Choice A - spend all 4 hours studying Choice B- spend 2 hours studying, and 2 hours getting extra sleep Choice C- spend all 4 hours sleeping Of course, other combinations of the 4 hours exist. The student could study for 3.5 hours, and get an extra…arrow_forwardCite three examples of recent decisions that you made in which you, at least implicitly, weighed marginal cost and marginal benefit.arrow_forwarda) Trade-offs are important part of economic decision making. You are supposed to Analyze and explain any three trade-offs that you face in your life. b) You plan to study on weekend and your friends ask you to go to a farm house with them. What do you think is the true cost of spending your weekend on a farmhouse with friends? c) You plan to spend your weekend working at your father’s superstore for a wage, but your friends ask you go play cricket at the weekend. What do you think is the true cost of spending your weekend playing cricket with friends?arrow_forward
- 8. Shifts in production possibilities Suppose the United States produces two types of goods: agricultural and capital. The following diagram shows its current production possibilities frontier for alfalfa, an agricultural good, and industrial copiers, a capital good. Drag the production possibilities frontier (PPF) on the graph to show the effects of a breakout of avian flu that sickens millions of workers. Note: Select either end of the curve on the graph to make the endpoints appear. Then drag one or both endpoints to the desired position. Points will snap into position, so if you try to move a point and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. 540 450 PPF 380 270 180 90 PPF 100 200 300 400 500 600 ALFALFA (Millions of bushels) INDUSTRIAL COPIERS (Thousands)arrow_forwardIf a family spends its entire budget in a given time frame, the family can afford either 95 cans of vegetables or 40 frozen dinners. Assuming the family spends its entire budget on just these two goods, what is the opportunity cost of a can of vegetables in the time frame?arrow_forwardAfter reviewing major/relevant material in microeconomics, your group has begun brainstorming the possible topics that you would like to do. 1. Find two different dependent variables that you would like to explain and 2. Find at least three independent variables that can help you to explain. 3. What the possible economic theories/concepts/graphs that support your choice of the variables are. Note: this task pertains to microeconomics concepts.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the production possibilities curve is the most accurate? OIt is a curve that shows the quantity of output that will be offered for sale at various prices. It is a graph that shows the various combinations of output it is possible for an economy to produce given its available resources and technology. It is a graph that shows the combinations of output that are most profitable to produce. It is a graph that shows the various combinations of resources that can be used to produce a given level of output.arrow_forwardWhat is the name for something that changes the trade-offs that people facewhen making a decision?arrow_forwardWhat does a production possibilities graph show in economics? how many items can be produced in a specific amount of time possible production costs one's final choice one's top two choices when making a decisionarrow_forward
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