Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 5CT
Manufacturers make carbonated drinks by forcing pressurized carbon dioxide gas into flavored water. A
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The PH formula is given as PH=-log(H+). The H+ is the number of free ions of hydrogen. A seven PH is considered neutral. Discuss what having a low PH and a high PH means. What does a 12 PH mean? How about a 2? Which is more caustic? Is either a good thing at extremely high or low values? Explain fully as to what a PH means to you and what you use it for.
There are two solutions with different pH levels. Solution A is neutral, with a pH of 7. Solution B is slightly alkaline, with a pH above 7. Two beakers are filled with of each solution (one for each solution). A phosphate buffer was added to it and CO2 was blown into it until there was a change of color meaning a change in pH. (this experiment is to see how the CO2 from the lungs can cause a pH change in water)
Why does it take so long for the solutions to change color? Relate your answer to the equation (H2O + CO2 ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H+ ) and to the presence of the buffer.
An important buffer system in the human body involves carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) as shown: If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will his or her body’s pH be affected?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 2 - Distinguish between an element, an atom, and a...Ch. 2 - Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a...Ch. 2 - Ionic and covalent bonds join atoms into...Ch. 2 - Name three vital properties of water in living...Ch. 2 - Which small organic molecules make up...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is the carbohydrate, the...Ch. 2 - Describe the four levels of protein structure. How...Ch. 2 - Distinguish among the following: a....Ch. 2 - The backbone of organic compounds forms when...Ch. 2 - A carbon atom can form up ________ to bonds with...
Ch. 2 - All of the following except ________ are building...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4SQCh. 2 - Prob. 5SQCh. 2 - Prob. 6SQCh. 2 - Which phrase best describes what a functional...Ch. 2 - In ________ reactions, small molecules are linked...Ch. 2 - Match each type of molecule with its description....Ch. 2 - What kinds of bonds often control the shape (or...Ch. 2 - The pH of black coffee is 5, and that of milk of...Ch. 2 - Draw a shell model of an uncharged nitrogen atom....Ch. 2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 2 - Manufacturers make carbonated drinks by forcing...
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- two of these statements are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? a. The concept of pH is exclusive of how buffers work. b. Salts dissociate into ions (except H+ and OH-) when dissolved in water. c. ATP stores a large amount of potential energy.arrow_forwardAdding HCO3 to a solution will cause the concentration of H* to - and the pH to. Select one: O a. increase; increase O b. increase; decrease O c. decrease; increase O d. decrease; decrease O e. HCO3 has no effect on H* concentrationarrow_forwardYou are stranded on a lifeboat with several other people in the middle of the ocean. You have run out of clean drinking water and are very thirsty. The others have started to drink the seawater to quench their thirst. Since you’re waiting for rescue (and are a top notch AP Biology student), you decide to solve a couple of water potential problems to determine if drinking sea water is a good idea or not. a) The majority of dissolved ions in seawater is NaCl, roughly a 0.5M concentration. The ionization constant of NaCl is 2.0. Calculate the solute potential for seawater if you know that the water is 2°C. b) Your own cells have a 0.15M concentration. Calculate the solute potential for your own cells, knowing that body temperature is 37°C. c) Using your knowledge about water potential, if you drink the seawater, wat will happen when the seawater comes into contact with your body’s cells? Note: ΨP for animal cells is zeroarrow_forward
- The pH in your cells is decreasing. Cells have buffers to minimize changes in pH. Briefly explain what the buffer would do in this situation with respect to the H+ concentration in your cells.arrow_forwardConsider a solution which is 0.10 M in CH3COOH and 0.20 M in NaCH3coo. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. If a small amount of NaOH is added, the pH decreases very slightly. B. If NaOH is added, the OH- ions react with the CH3CO0 ions. C. If a small amount of HCl is added, the pH decreases very slightly. D. If HCI is added, the H* ions react with CH3COOH ions. E. If more CH3COOH is added, the pH increases.arrow_forwardWhich of the following ionizes completely in solution and is considered to be a strong acid? Select one: O a. NAOH O b. HCL O c. NH3 O d. H2CO3 O e. CH3COOHarrow_forward
- which of the following is a characteristic of a buffer? a. The pH will go down significantly when H3O+ is added to the buffer b. The pH will go down very slightly when H3O+ is added to the buffer c. The pH will go up significantly when H3O+ is added to the bufferarrow_forwardA patient needs 1mg of a medication. The Australian Injectables Drug Handbook states that each gram of this medication is to be mixed with 10mL of water over 3-5 minutes via IV bolus. After preparing the medication, how many mL per minute would you administer if you do it over 3 minutes? Please do it in dimensional analysis or something please show work. I'm confusedarrow_forwardWhat, if anything, is wrong with the following statement: “When NaCl is dissolved in water, the water molecules closest to the ions will tend to preferentially orient themselves so that their oxygen atoms face the sodium ions and face away from the chloride ions”? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Water is important for all living organisms. The functions of water are directly related to its physical properties. Describe how the properties of water contribute of the following:( a) transpiration b. thermoregulation in the atmosphere c. pHarrow_forwardA solution at pH 7 is considered neutral because (a) its hydrogen ion concentration is 0 mol/L (b) its hydroxide ion concentration is 0 mol/L (c) the product of its hydrogen ion concentration and its hydroxide ion concentration is 0 mol/L (d) its hydrogen ion concentration is equal to its hydroxide ion concentration (e) it is nonpolararrow_forwardWhen comparing pH, a solution with a pH of 5 contains 100 times the amount of H+ when compared to a solution with a pH of 7.arrow_forward
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