Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134988504
Author: Bennett, Jeffrey O., Donahue, M. (megan), SCHNEIDER, Nicholas, Voit, Mark
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 2, Problem 4QQ

Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning.

We can be sure that variation in Earth’s distance from the Sun are not the cause of the seasons, because (a) Earth is always exactly the same distance from the Sun. (b) if distance were responsible for the seasons, both the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere would have summer at the same time. (c) if distance were responsible for the seasons, seasonal temperature changes would be much more extreme.

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We need to create a scale model of the solar system (by shrinking the sun down to the size of a basketball or ~30cm). First, we will need to scale down actual solar system dimensions (planet diameters and average orbital radiuses) by converting our units. There are two blank spaces in the table below. We will effectively fill in the missing data in the next set of questions. Use the example below to help you. Example: What is the scaled diameter of Mercury if the Sun is scaled to the size of a basketball (30 cm)? The actual diameter of Mercury is 4879 km The Sun's diameter is 1392000 km If the Sun is to be reduced to the size of a basketball, then the conversion we need for this equation will be: 30cm1392000km Here is how we run the conversion:      4879km×30cm1392000km=0.105cm    or    0.11cm if we were to round our answer. This means that if the sun in our model is the size of a basketball, Mercury is the size of a grain of sand. We can also see by looking at the table, that we would…
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