Lunar Phases and Time of Day. Roles: Scribe (takes notes on the group’s activities), Proposer (proposes explanations to the group), Skeptic (points out weaknesses in proposed explanations), Moderator (leads group discussion and makes sure everyone contributes). Activity: The diagram below represents the Moon’s orbit as seen from above Earth’s North Pole (not to scale). Each group member should draw a copy of the diagram and label it as you work together on the following questions.
a. How would the Moon appear from Earth at each of the eight Moon positions? Label each one with the corresponding phase. b. What time of day corresponds to each of the four tick marks on Earth? Label each tick mark accordingly. c. Why doesn’t the Moon’s phase change during the course of one night? Explain your reasoning. d. At what times of day would a full moon be visible to someone standing on Earth? Write down when a full moon rises and explain why it appears to rise at that time. e. At what times of day would a third-quarter moon be visible to someone standing on Earth? Write down when a third-quarter moon sets and explain why it appears to set at that time. f. At what times of day would a waxing crescent moon he visible to someone standing on Earth? Write down when a waxing crescent moon rises and explain why it appears to rise at that time.
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The Cosmic Perspective
- 1. Which planetary model allows a scientist to predict the exact positions of the planets in the night sky over many years? 2. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth – centered (geocentric) and Sun – centered (heliocentric) models of our solar system? 3. What is the actual shape of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun?arrow_forwardThe moons Prometheus and Pandora orbit Saturn at 139,350 and 141,700 kilometers, respectively. a. Using Newton's version of Kepler's third law, find the orbital periods of the two moons. b. Find the percent difference in their.distances and in their orbital periods. c. Consider the two in a race around Saturn: In one Prometheus orbit, how far behind is Pandora (in units of time)? In how many Prometheus orbits will Pandora have fallen behind by one of its own orbital periods? Convert this number of periods back into units of time. This is how often the satellites pass by each other.arrow_forward1. The diameter of the Sun is equal to 1.392 × 10⁹ m, and the distance from the Sun to Saturn is equal to 9.5 AU. Suppose you want to build an exact scale model of the solar system, and you are using a volleyball with average diameter of 21 cm to represent the Sun. a) In your scale model, how far away would Saturn be from the Sun? Give your answer in meters. b) The actual diameter of Saturn is 116,460 km. What would be Saturn's diameter in your scale model? Give your answer in centimeters.arrow_forward
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- The timing of Moonrise is later every day. Let’s understand why: a) Moonrise occurs when you, as you sit on the rotating Earth, turn to the point where you can just see the Moon appear over the horizon. Draw a picture to illustrate what this would look like. Draw the Earth, Moon, and you standing on the Earth to indicate this scenario. (You’ve seen my artistic skills in class, I’m not asking you to do anything better than that. Just label/make clear what is shown). Take this as Day 1.In 24 hours, you would return back to that exact point on the Earth. However, the Moon will also have moved forward in its orbit (it orbits the Earth in the same direction that the Earth is spinning). How far along in its orbit does the Moon move? That is, assume the Moon is orbiting in a circular orbit; in going from Day 1 to Day 2, how many degrees does thee Moon move forward? Indicate (very roughly) via a drawing.b) Because the Moon advanced in its orbit, you now must wait…arrow_forwardAssume you live on the Moon near the center of the face that looks toward Earth. a. If you saw a full Earth in your sky, what phase of the Moon would people on Earth see? Draw a diagram. b. If people on Earth saw a full moon, what phase would you see for Earth? Draw a diagram. c. If people on Earth saw a waxing gibbous moon, what phase would you see for Earth? Draw a diagram. d. If people on Earth were viewing a total lunar eclipse, what would you see from your home on the Moon? Draw a diagram. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long? Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important? Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING! One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s…arrow_forwardLunar Phases and Time: What phase of the Moon is it when the following circumstances occur. Be sure to draw labelled diagrams in support of your answers. a) It is local midday and the Moon is on the meridian? b) It is 6pm locally and the Moon is on the meridian?arrow_forward
- 1. How did Aristotle differentiate terrestrial and celestial motion? Give at least one example for each.2. According to Aristotle, what will happen to an moving object if there will be no force to act on it?arrow_forwardHow Do We Know? Describe the differences between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law. Give an example of each.arrow_forwardQuestion 1 (Total: 30 points) a. What is a repeat ground-track orbit? b. Explain why repeat ground-track and Sun-synchronous orbits are typically used for Earth observation missions. c. The constraint for a Sun-synchronous and repeat ground-track orbit is given by T = 286, 400, where I is the orbital period in seconds, m the number of days and k the number of revolutions. Explain why this is, in fact, a constraint on the semi-major axis of the orbit.arrow_forward
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