(a) Interpretation: Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined. Concept introduction: Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 2.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Water will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Water is a polar molecule. There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. Thus, water is attracted to $CH3+$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Answer 13

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecules and the type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Sodium ion $(Na+)$ will not be attracted to methyl cation.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

$Na+$ is the cation and this will not be attracted to methyl cation since the charges of both the ions are equal. Thus, $Na+$ will not be attracted to $CH3+$ .

Answer 21

Conclusion

Cation must have the anion to form a polar covalent bond.

Answer 22

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 23

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Chlorine ion $(Cl−)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation undergoes attractions with negatively charged ions with polar compounds. $Cl−$ is an anion and they attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ . The ion-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Answer 29

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 30

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 31

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Methyl cation would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Fluorine ion $(F-)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $CH3+$ .

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons. Fluoride ion, $F-$ , is a negatively charged ion. Negatively charged ions are attracted strongly to positively charged ions through ion-ion attractions. Thus, $F-$ will be attracted to $CH3+$ cation.

Answer 37

Conclusion

In polar molecules, cations and anions are attracted to each other due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 38

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.

Conclusion

Polar molecules are attracted to cation and anion due to electrostatic attraction between them.

Answer 39

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Methyl cations would be attracted to the given ions or molecule and type of the intermolecular force involved in the attraction is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other due to strong intermolecular attractions. Ionic compounds are composed of oppositely charged particles held by the electrostatic force of attraction or ion-ion attractions. Ion-ion interactions are the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of position and negative charge. Covalent compounds containing an electronegative atom having lone pair of electrons can attract cations.

Answer 40

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 2.43P

Formaldehyde $(H2C=O)$ will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ .

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

Expert Solution

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer 44

Explanation of Solution

The methyl cation is $CH3+$ . It is a positively charged ion and thus, it can be attracted to the negatively charged ion or the molecule having an atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The given molecule, formaldehyde, $(H2C=O)$ is a polar molecule due to the presence of the oxygen and carbon polar bond $(C=O)$ and this will be attracted to methyl cation $(CH3+)$ . The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces are involved in the attraction.