Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.30PAE
2.30 Using Coulomb’s law, explain how the difference between attractive and repulsive interactions between ions in expressed mathematically.
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15.
(a)
b)
Identify the element that is described by the following information. Refer to a
periodic table if necessary.
It is a group 14 (III A) metalloid in the 3rd period.
It is a group 15 (VA) metalloid in the 5th period.
It is the other metalloid in group 15 (VA).
d)
It is a halogen that exists in the liquid state at room temperature.
16.
What is the relationship between electron arrangement and the organization of
elements in the periodic table?
Practice Exercises 6.1
1.
a.
b.
H,CO,(aq)
H,O() + CO,(g)
1)
H,O(g) + C) = H,(g) + CO(3)
0,(g) + 4NO,(g) = 2N,O,(g)
C.
d.
2H,(g) + 0,(g) = 2H,O(1)
e.
According to Coulomb’s law, what happens to the potential energy of two oppositely charged particles as they get closer together?(a) Their potential energy decreases.(b) Their potential energy increases.(c) Their potential energy does not change.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 2 - Name at least three common polymers and give...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2COCh. 2 - Describe the nuclear model for the atom and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4COCh. 2 - Prob. 5COCh. 2 - Prob. 6COCh. 2 - Prob. 7COCh. 2 - Prob. 8COCh. 2 - Prob. 9COCh. 2 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.1PAECh. 2 - How do polymers compare to their respective...Ch. 2 - Look around you and identify several objects that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.4PAECh. 2 - The fact that a polymer’s physical properties...Ch. 2 - One application of conductive polymers is in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.7PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.8PAECh. 2 - Why is the number of protons called the atomic...Ch. 2 - 2.10 Which isotope in each pair contains more...Ch. 2 - 2.11 Define the term isotope.Ch. 2 - 2.12 Write the complete atomic symbol for each of...Ch. 2 - 2.13 How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are...Ch. 2 - 2.14 Consider the following nuclear symbols. How...Ch. 2 - 2.15 Mercury is 16.716 times more massive than...Ch. 2 - The element gallium, used in gallium arsenide...Ch. 2 - 2.17 The atomic weight of copper is 63.55 amu....Ch. 2 - The following table presents the abundances and...Ch. 2 - 2.19 Naturally occurring uranium consists of two...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.20PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.21PAECh. 2 - 2.22 Provide the symbol of the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.23PAECh. 2 - 2.24 Identify each of the following species as an...Ch. 2 - 2.25 Write the atomic symbol for the element whose...Ch. 2 - 2.26 In what region of the periodic table are you...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.27PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.28PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.29PAECh. 2 - 2.30 Using Coulomb’s law, explain how the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.31PAECh. 2 - 2.32 Which of the following formulas contains the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.33PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.34PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.35PAECh. 2 - 2.36 Explain the difference between a molecular...Ch. 2 - 2.37 Why are empirical formulas preferred for...Ch. 2 - 2.38 The molecular formula for the ethylene...Ch. 2 - 239 Polybutadiene is a synthetic elastomer, or...Ch. 2 - 2.40 What distinguished the work of Mendeleev that...Ch. 2 - 2.41 How does the periodic table help to make the...Ch. 2 - 2.42 What is a period in the periodic table? From...Ch. 2 - 2.43 Name of the group to which each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.44PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.45PAECh. 2 - 2.46 Why are nonmetals important even though they...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.47PAECh. 2 - A materials engineer has filed for a patent for a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.49PAECh. 2 - 2.50 A materials engineer wants to make a new...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.51PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.52PAECh. 2 - 2.53 What is meant by the phrase organic...Ch. 2 - 2.54 Based on what you have learned in this...Ch. 2 - 2.55 What is a functional group? How does the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.56PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.57PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.58PAECh. 2 - 2.59 The accompanying figure shows the structure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.60PAECh. 2 - 2.61 Name the following covalent compounds: (a)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.62PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.63PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.64PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.65PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.66PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.67PAECh. 2 - 2.68 What is a free radical? How are free radicals...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.69PAECh. 2 - 2.70 Why do you think an inhibitor molecule is...Ch. 2 - 2.71 Use the web to determine the amount of...Ch. 2 - 2.72 How can an element have an atomic weight that...Ch. 2 - 2.73 Explain the concept of a “weighted” average...Ch. 2 - 2.74 The accompanying table provides the identity...Ch. 2 - 2.75 Chlorine has only two isotopes, one with mass...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.76PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.77PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.78PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.79PAECh. 2 - 2.80 Of the following elements, which two would...Ch. 2 - 2.81 How do binary compounds with hydrogen...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.82PAECh. 2 - Prob. 2.83PAECh. 2 - 2.84 Early attempts to arrange the elements often...Ch. 2 - 2.85 Describe how the saying “opposites attract”...Ch. 2 - 2.86 For some uses, the relative abundance of...Ch. 2 - 2.87 What is the heaviest element to have an...Ch. 2 - 2.88 Describe how you can identify the isotope, X,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.89PAECh. 2 - 2.90 Naturally occurring europium has an average...Ch. 2 - 2.91 Strontium has four stable isotopes....Ch. 2 - 2.92 A candy manufacturer makes chocolate-covered...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.93PAECh. 2 - 2.94 Use a molecular level description to...Ch. 2 - 2.95 Engineers who design bicycle frames are...Ch. 2 - 2.96 Use the web to look up the density of...Ch. 2 - 2.97 LDPE has a density in the range of...
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- 4. Discuss, for both cations and anions, how atomic radius differs from the neutral atom. Explain using Coulomb's law. For cations vs neutral atom: For anions vs neutral atom:arrow_forward(b) A new element, "X", is discovered and found to have 2 electrons in its outer level. Is X a metal or non-metal? Predict the formula its ion would have in any ionic compounds it forms.arrow_forwardAccording to Coulomb’s law, what happens to the potential energy of two oppositely charged particles as they get closer together?arrow_forward
- Using coulomb's law explain the difference between attractive and repulsive interaction between ions expressed mathematicallyarrow_forward7.86 Write the empirical (or molecular) formulas of compoundsthat the elements in the third period (sodium to chlorine)should form with (a) molecular oxygen and (b) molecularchlorine. In each case indicate whether you would expectthe compound to be ionic or molecular in character.arrow_forwardDiscussing this chapter, a classmate says, “Since elementsthat form cations are metals and elements that form anionsare nonmetals, elements that do not form ions are metalloids.”Do you agree or disagree?arrow_forward
- Explain the relationship between Coulomb's Law and ionic bonds.arrow_forwardIllustrate the sharing of electrons of each covalent compound using the Bohr Model. Apply the octet rule if possible. (A) A molecule composed of two chlorine atoms. (b) A molecule composed of a hydrogen atom and a bromine atom. (c) A molecule composed of 2 hydrogen atoms. (d) A molecule composed of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.arrow_forward2. The ionization energy of an element is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an individual atom. The following table gives the ionization energy (in units of kilojoules per mole) for five metals, listed in alphabetical order. Locate each of these metals on the periodic table and arrange them in order of rows and columns as in the periodic table. (a) Describe the periodic trend in the ionization energy of elements within a group. (b) Describe the periodic trend in the ionization energy of elements across a period. Metal Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Strontium Ionization Energy 590 738 419 496 549 Materialsarrow_forward
- According to Coulomb’s law, if the separation between two particles of the same charge is doubled, what happens to the potential energy of the two particles?a) It is twice as high as it was before the distance separation.b) It is one-half as high as it was before the separation.c) It does not change.d) It is one-fourth as high as it was before the separation.arrow_forwardFor a potassium-chlorine ion pair, our textbook (problem 2.19) tells us that the attractive energy EA (in eV) for this pair is: EA= -1.436/r where r is the distance (in nm) between the centers of the two ions. The repulsive energy ER (in eV) for this pair is: ER= 5.86 x 10-6/r9 The attractive energy comes from Coulomb’s law where the repulsive energy is provided by an empirical equation(i.e., it fits data rather than it is derived based on a model). (a.) Using only the information provided above, calculate the equilibrium separation distance between K1+ and Cl1- in nanometers(ro). (b.) Based on your answer to (a.), calculate the so-called binding (or bonding) energy in eV. This is the “depth” of the energy well.arrow_forwardIn a 1911 paper, Ernest Rutherford said: In order to form some idea of the forces required to deflect an alpha particle through a large angle, consider an atom containing a point positive charge Ze at its center and surrounded by a distribution of negative electricity, – Ze uniformly distributed within a sphere of radius R. Derive an expression for the magnitude of the electric field at the center of the atom. - Express your answer using the parameters +Ze and -Ze.arrow_forward
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