Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19.3, Problem 1CC
Explain how the following statement is inaccurate: “Antibiotics have created drug resistance in MRSA.”
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The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak - an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible
host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include:
A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts
B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment
C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Choose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread.
A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera.
B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following:
1. Identification of
a) the pathogen,
b) the reservoir
c) means of transmission
d) the susceptible host
2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention.
3. Include references and relevant data.
The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include:
A.
changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts
B.
microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment
C.
environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above
Chapter 19 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - How did Huttons and Lyells ideas influence Darwins...Ch. 19.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Scientific hypotheses must be...Ch. 19.2 - How does the concept of descent with modification...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the relationship between...Ch. 19.3 - Explain how the following statement is inaccurate:...Ch. 19.3 - How does evolution account for (a) the similar...Ch. 19.3 - WHAT IF? Fossils show that dinosaurs originated...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not an observation or...Ch. 19 - Which of the following observations helped Darwin...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 19 - The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly...Ch. 19 - DNA sequences In many human genes are very similar...Ch. 19 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Mosquitoes resistant to...Ch. 19 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Explain why anatomical and...Ch. 19 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Write a short essay (about...Ch. 19 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This honeypot ant (genus...
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- Which of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates? First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild" (non-laboratory) animal which has that disease None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates) They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a disease If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause of the naturally occurring diseasearrow_forwardRobert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease. Which of the following is not a postulate? The infectious agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro The disease is reproduced when a pure culture of the infectious agent is inoculated into a new susceptible host The infectious agent can be recovered from the experimentally-infected host The infectious agent is present in most cases of the diseasearrow_forwardUsing the Koch's Postulates, support the findings that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Specifically, you have to provide brief narratives/pictures/proofs and sources that support the postulate listed below: The organism must be isolated from the newly infected animals and cultured again in the laboratory, after which it should be seen to be the same as the original organism.arrow_forward
- Penicillin was first used in the 1940s to treat gonorrhea infections produced by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In 1984, according to the CDC, fewer than 1% of gonorrhea infections were caused by penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. By 1990, more than 10% of cases were penicillin resistant and a few years later the level of resistance was 95%. Explain the various ways this resistance could be spread among the cells. Could this resistance pass to other infectious bacteria from N. gonorrhoeae?arrow_forwardPropose a simple model of Covid 19 which describes the four forms of disease. 1) Subclinical form, 2) Acute form with recovery, 3) Acute form with Lethal Outcome, 4) Chronic formarrow_forwardIdentifying an unknown bacterium is an essential step in the diagnosis and treatment process. Since not every antibiotic is effective against every type of bacteria, knowing what caused a particular infection allows us to make correct prescriptions so patients can recover more quickly. Knowing the cause of an infection also prevents antibiotic resistance as well, since incorrect prescriptions allow bacteria to be unnecessarily be exposed to antibiotics, increasing the chances of developing resistance.arrow_forward
- In relationship to infectious diseases, Identify errors as either systematic or random. Give examples.arrow_forwardRead the following two statements about C.difficile outbreaks and answer the questions given below. “Between December 2007 and May 2008 there was a C.difficile outbreak in a UK hospital, where 55 patients were infected and there were 28 mortalities.” “A relatively recent survey discovered that 41% of all reported C.difficile cases were not hospital based infections, but originated in the local community.” Compare three main risk factors for MRSA and C.difficile and explain how they increase the risk of infection from these bacteria.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? a. Serial interval is the length of time a person can transmit or shed an infectious agent b. Contamination of the drinking water source of a community by infectious agent(s) will likely result in a continuous common source epidemic c. It is not possible for people who have not shown symptoms of measles yet, to transmit measles infection d. Mary Mallon was a chronic carrier of Vibrio choleraearrow_forward
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