ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LL\AC
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781264325948
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19, Problem 3TYC
Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her interventricular septum (ventricular septal defect, or VSD) Considering that the blood pressure in the left ventricle is significantly higher than blood pressure in the right ventricle, predict the effect of the VSD on Becky’s pulmonary blood pressure, systemic blood pressure, and long-term changes in the ventricular walls.
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Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her interventricular septum (ventricular septal defect, or VSD). Considering that the blood pressure in the left ventricle is significantly higher than blood pressure in the right ventricle, predict the effect of the VSD on Becky’s pulmonary blood pressure, systemic blood pressure, and long-term changes in the ventricular walls.
Which represents time for the passage of the electrical impulse through the atrium, causing atrial depolarization. Which represents time for depolarization of both ventricles.
Which represents time for ventricular repolarization.
Which represents the time taken for the entire electrical depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles.
["QRS complex", "T wave", "P wave" , "P-R interval", "QRS interval", "ST segment", "QT interval"
Explain how the ventricular volume changes during Systole 3 and why (explain the sequence of events in all heart chambers, valves, and pressure changes in the heart chambers/blood vessels during systole 3)
Chapter 19 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LL\AC
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.1 - Names of the great vessels directly connected to...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.2 - Relative thickness of the myocardium in different...Ch. 19.2 - Structure and function of the fibrous skeleton of...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Names and synonyms for all four valves of the...
Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.2 - Anatomy of the major veins that drain the...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.3 - Components, of the cardiac conduction system and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.4 - The mechanism that causes cells of the SA node to...Ch. 19.4 - The spread of excitation through the atria, AV...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.5 - In each phase of the cardiac cycle, which chambers...Ch. 19.5 - The typical duration, in seconds, of atrial...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 29BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 30BYGOCh. 19.6 - The definition of cardiac output (CO); how it can...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.6 - Mechanisms by which sympathetic and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Mechanisms by which epinephrine and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 19.6 - Conditions that increase afterload: the effect of...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 19.6 - Why stroke volume may be unusually high and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 19 - The cardiac conduction system includes all of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 19 - Assume that one ventricle of a childs heart has...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 19 - The atria contract during a. the first heart...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 19 - The contraction of any heart chamber is called and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 19 - The circumflex artery travels in a groove called...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 19 - Electrical signals pass quickly from one...Ch. 19 - Repolarization of the ventricles produces the of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 19 - Blood in the heart chambers is separated from the...Ch. 19 - The Frank-Starling law of the heart explains why...Ch. 19 - atrio-Ch. 19 - brady-Ch. 19 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 19 - lun-Ch. 19 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 19 - One-way valves prevent atrial systole from driving...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 19 - If all nerves to the heart were severed, the heart...Ch. 19 - If the two pulmonary arteries were clamped shut,...Ch. 19 - Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells do...Ch. 19 - An electrocardiogram is a tracing of the action...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 19 - Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYC
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- In a patient with a ventricular septal defect, blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the right ventricle during isovolumic contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. Which pressure volume loop from the left ventricle is most likely from a patient with a ventricular septal defect? The dashed line is a normal loop for reference in all figures. A 120 B 120 C 120- D 120- 75 50- 25 50 100 Left Ventricular Vol (mL) 75- 50 25 75+ 50+ 25+ 150 50 100 150 50 100 150 Left Ventricular Vol (mL) Left Ventricular Vol (mL) 75+ 50+ 25+ 50 100 150 Left Ventricular Vol (mL) -000arrow_forwardThe right and left atria of the heart look alike and perform similar functional demands. The right and left ventricle are very different, structurally and functionally. Why are the atria similarities and the difference in the ventricles significant in the role they play in the functional activity of the heart? How would these differences be manifested on an EKG, with details given to the P wave and QRS complex?arrow_forwardRegarding the cardiac cycle at resting HR, when in the cycle does ventricular filling occur? Howimportant is atrial contraction to the EDV? Why is the first part of ventricular contraction isovolumetric?When and why does rapid ejection of blood from the ventricle occur?arrow_forward
- The maximum amount of blood within the left ventricle just before the start of isovolumic contraction is called the ____________________ (EDV, ESV, EF). The amount of blood found within the left ventricle just after ejection and before the left AV valves opens is called the _____________________ (EDV, ESV, EF). Clinically, one of the best parameters used to measure cardiac function is the EF. In terms of EDV and ESV, what simple equation would give you the EF? If you had an echocardiogram and found that your EDV was 100 cc and your ESV was 30 cc, what would be your EF? EDV = end-diastolic volume, ESV = end-systolic volume, EF = ejection fractionarrow_forwardIn atrial fibrillation, the atria do not contract correctly, and not all blood exits this chamber. The blood pools in the atria, and this can promote blood clot formation. If a blood clot forms in the left atrium, it can get pumped from the left ventricle, get caught in a capillary bed and cause a(n): pulmonary embolus 2) inferior vena cava filter 3) deep vein thrombosis 4) cerebral vascular accident (CVA)arrow_forwardPut the following events in the proper order for cardiac conduction. Group of answer choices: SA Node initiates action potential AV node initiates action potential Signal moves to AV bundle in between the ventricle Purkinje fibers lead to ventricular contraction Signal travels to AV node Purkinje fibers lead to atrial contraction 1 2 3 4arrow_forward
- Looking at the wiggers diagram Why doesn’t blood volume change during isovolumetric ventricular systole?arrow_forwardIn dilated cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle, the ventricle can become enormously enlarged. Explain why this might lead to regurgitation of blood through the mitral valve (blood flowing from the ventricle back into the left atrium) during ventricular systole?arrow_forwardThe onset of ventricular systole is characterized by the closing of AV valves and ?arrow_forward
- What is caused by an accumulation of blood in the pericardial space that results in impaired systemic venous return, impaired ventricular filling, and reduced cardiac output? Massive pulmonary embolism Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Ductal-dependent congenital heart lesions The first energy dose recommended for synchronized cardioversion for unstable SVT or VT with a pulse that causes cardiovascular instability is: 0.1 to 0.5 Joules per kg 0.5 to 1 Joules per kg 3 to 5 Joules per kg 1 to 2 Joules per kg Any organized electrical activity observed on an ECG or cardiac monitor in a individual with no palpable pulse is referred to as: Ventricular tachycardia without pulses Asystole Ventricular fibrillation PEA (pulseless electrical activity)arrow_forwardSelect TRUE or FALSE to best describe the statements below, relating the events of the cardiac cycle. Keep in mind that these events may be chemical, electrical and mechanical. atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure while semilunar valves are оpen ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure when the atrioventricular valves are closed atrioventricular valves are open during ventricular emptying the end diastolic volume of the ventricles is reached before ventricles contract 1 ventricular filling occurs before depolarization of the atria 1 atrioventricular valves and 1. TRUE 1 semilunar valves are closed at the beginning of ventricular systole 2. FALSE end systolic volume increases when more blood empties from the ventricles the greatest pressure is reached in the ventricles while they are emptying the right atrium depolarizes before the left atrium ventricular depolarization occurs during the T-wave semilunar valves are open during ventricular filling ventricular…arrow_forwardRelationship between pressure, volume and ECG Pressure (mmHg) Volume (mL) ECG 120 80 40 130 90 + + 50+ IVC Aortic valve opens Mitral valve closes Systole ejection EDV Ejection Contraction IVR Aortic valve closes Diastole filling Mitral valve opens Filling -ESV Relaxation Filling Aortic pressure Left ventricular pressure Left atrial pressure Left ventricular volume Illustrate and describe the changes in pressure (aortic and lel ventricular) and volume (ventricular) that happen during acute and chronic cardiac failure.arrow_forward
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