Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577190
Author: Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Name 5 types of reactions for alcohols (organic chemistry)
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is the alcohol found in beverages. It is oxidized in the body to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Methanol (CH3OH), also known as wood alcohol, is converted to formaldehyde by the same enzyme. Acetaldehyde is toxic, but formaldehyde is far more toxic to humans, which is why the ingestion of relatively small amounts of methanol can cause blindness or death. One treatment for mild methanol poisoning is the administration of ethanol. Why might a doctor choose this treatment?
A. Ethanol likely irreversibly binds to alcohol dehydrogenase which prevents the formation of formaldehyde.
B. The doctor has given up on the patient and administers ethanol for sedation.
C. Ethanol must act as a competitive inhibitor for the alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore slows the formation of formaldehyde.
D. The ethanol is likely an uncompetitive inhibitor and binds to a site other than the active site of the enzyme.
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- Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanonearrow_forwardDraw the product of the reaction between a ketone and an alcohol. Include all hydrogen atoms in the product. རྐང་པའི H* +1 mole equiv. CH, HỌ CH, CH Select Draw Rings More G c Q2Q Erase How would you classify the product of the reaction? Note that a hemiacetal formed from a ketone is also called a hemiketal; an acetal formed from a ketone is also called a ketal. 00 The product is a ketone. The product is a hemiketal. The product is an alcohol. The product is a ketal.arrow_forwardGive the chemical name of the final product that will be formed by the following reaction: NaCN НА ? H2O, heatarrow_forward
- Write the complete equation for the dehydration reaction of the following alcohols. If more than one product can be formed, and one of the products is the major product, clearly indicate which one is the major product. If no dehydration reaction can occur, you must clearly indicate this by writing "no reaction" CH,CH, OH a. b. CH, CHCH, CH CH,CH, CH, OHarrow_forward5. First indicate the classification of alcohol (primary, secondary or tertiary), then using the classification, draw the aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid or no product formed when the following alcohols are mildly oxidized. *keep in mind there is a byproduct of water in most oxidation reactions OH H-C-C-C- [0] H. a. Classify the alcohol: 1°, 2° or 30 OH [0] b. Classify the alcohol: 1º, 2º or 3º H-O-I HICIarrow_forwardAcid anhydride Carboxylic Acid H₂C CH₂OH H₂O CH,OH CH3 Ester H₂C O CH₂OH 1. CH₂MgBr 2. H₂O* Acid chloride CH,CH,NH, Tertiary alcohol Amidearrow_forward
- Which is NOT a physical property of alcohols or phenols? O Phenols are generally only slightly soluble in water. O The hydroxyl group of an alcohol is nonpolar. The solubilities of normal primary alcohols in water decrease with increasing molecular weight. Boiling points of normal primary alcohols increase with increasing molecular weight.arrow_forwardPrepare CH3COOC2HS, ethyl acetate, using ethyl alcohol. Write the chemical reaction.arrow_forwardDefine Preparation of Alcohols ?arrow_forward
- Salicylic acid is added into a test tube, followed by methanol and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It is heated for 10-15 minutes and poured into a beaker with crushed ice. This is the esterification of Oil of wintergreen. Write the complete reaction equation and describe the odor of the reactants (salicylic acid and methanol) and the products (oil of wintergreen).arrow_forwardConsider the given alkyl halide reaction below. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the chemical reaction equation? The solvent used in the reaction is acetic acid. Br. CH3 HO, CH3 + ноarrow_forwardUsing the relationship between the structure and the boiling point. Obtain a table for the listed chemicals below showing how the boiling point will be different with (1) the different chemical structures, (2) with different functional groups. Boiling Point and Functionalized Compounds: Chemical: Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Benzaldehyde Benzyl alcoholarrow_forward
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