Chapter 19, Problem 19.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

How the given lithium dialkylcuprate reagent can be synthesized from an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl halide is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A lithium dialkylcuprate is synthesized from the corresponding alkyllithium reagent by treating it with copper(I) iodide, CuI. Because the metal-bonded C atom bears a partial negative charge on both the alkyllithium reagent and the lithium dialkylcuprate, umpolung technically does not occur in this reaction, but synthesizing a lithium dialkylcuprate from an alkyl halide does represent polarity reversal at the C atom. The C atom bonded to Cu should be bonded to halide. The carbon atom of C-X bond is electron poor whereas the carbon of C-Cu bond is electron rich.