Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 18.9, Problem 19P
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The two-carbon fragment does pyruvate decarboxylase transfer to a proton has to be identified.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The two-carbon fragment does pyruvate dehydrogenase complex transfer to coenzyme A has to be identified.
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What is the function of FAD in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
One of the steps that occur during the synthesis of ketone bodies is shown below.
OH
D-beta-hydroxybutyrate
Dehydrógenase
.coo
coo0
H3C
cooo
Нас
acetoacetate
D-beta-hydroxybutyrate
Does this process require FAD or NAD*, FADH2 or NADH as the reactant coenzyme?
Explain your answer in a few words.
Animals cannot convert fatty acids into glucose because *
A.acetyl CoA can not be converted to pyruvate
B. absence of malate synthase
C. absence of dehydrogenase
D. absence of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Chapter 18 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 18.2 - If H218O were used to hydrolyze lysozyme, which...Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.3 - Arginine and lysine side chains fit into trypsins...Ch. 18.4 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 6PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 18.5 - Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide-ion-catalyzed...Ch. 18.5 - What advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 18.8 - How many conjugated double bonds are there in a....Ch. 18.8 - Instead of adding to the 4a-position and...Ch. 18.8 - In succinate dehydrogenase, FAD is covalently...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring...Ch. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase can also transfer the acyl...Ch. 18.9 - Prob. 18PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 19PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 21PCh. 18.11 - Prob. 23PCh. 18.11 - Which compound is more easily decarboxylated?Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.12 - What groups are interchanged in the following...Ch. 18.13 - Why is the coenzyme called tetrahydrofolate?Ch. 18.13 - What amino acid is formed by the following...Ch. 18.13 - How do the structures of tetrahydrofolate and...Ch. 18.13 - What is the source of the methyl group in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - From what vitamins are the following coenzymes...Ch. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - For each of the following reaction, name both the...Ch. 18 - Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze...Ch. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - For each of the following enzyme catalyzed...Ch. 18 - Trisephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - What acyl groups have we seen transferred by...Ch. 18 - When UMP is dissolved in T2O, exchange of T for H...Ch. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - When transaminated, the three branched-chain amino...Ch. 18 - Aldolase shows no activity if it is incubated with...
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- Consider this chemical reaction. What chemical is the oxidizing agent? COO™ HIC-H HIC-H FAD FADH₂ COO™ succinate FADH2 succinate FAD fumarate succinate dehydrogenase COO™ H-C -H COO fumaratearrow_forwardWhat acyl group does pyruvate decarboxylase transfer to a proton? a. What acyl group does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex transfer to coenzyme A? b. What acyl group does transketolase transfer to ribose-5-P?arrow_forwardThree aromatic amino acids F, Y, and W are (). O exclusively keogenic both ketogenic and glucogenic O exclusively glucogenic neither glucogenic nor ketogenic QUESTION 23 If you want to stop ATP synthesis, you will probably add () to the reaction. O urea oligomycin cholera toxin guanidine hydrochloridearrow_forward
- What is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid b. water c. hydrogen d. coenzyme Aarrow_forwardThe enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is part of the pentose pathway for glucose oxidation. What enzyme that is involved in glucose oxidation by the citric acid cycle has a very similar reaction mechanism to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinate dehydrogenase D) malate dehydrogenase E) pyruvate dehydrogenase (99+ RATI aarrow_forwardMark any/all processes that are reductions. O FADH2 → FAD O hydrogenation of fats FAD FADH2 NAD* NADH NADH NAD*arrow_forward
- Acetyl COA (ACC) is a critically important molecule in metabolic pathways. This molecule can be used for gluconeogenesis or fatty acid synthesis. It can also proceed through the TCA cycle to generate energy. ACC is also hormonally regulated. Hormones induce a phosphorylation cascade which can activate or deactivate ACC. Which of these hormones would activate ACC? A) glucagon B) insulin C) epinephrine D) glucose E) testosteronearrow_forwardIf you discover a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathway was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction as shown below: NAD* NADH + H* Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H, 3-phosphoglycerate Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain.arrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forward
- Pyruvate is a precursor for which of the following molecules? ethanol O acetyl-CoA O glucose oxaloacetate O lactate Question 5 Which of the following cofactors participate in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? ATP O NAD+ GTP acetylCoA O NADP+arrow_forwardThe enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: NAD* NADH + H* Но- H-Ć- Н—с—н H- malate dehydrogenase Oxaloacetate Malatearrow_forwardExhibit A: Consider the reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase. CH3CH2OH + NAD* CH3CHO + NADH + H* Referring to exhibit A: Which molecule loses electrons? Ethanol NAD* H+ NADH Acetaldehydearrow_forward
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