Economics: Principles & Policy
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337696326
Author: William J. Baumol; Alan S. Blinder; John L. Solow
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 3TY
To determine
Impact of imposing tax.
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Economists Conclude that a tax on the revenues of firms will be shifted in part to consumers of the products of those firms in the form of higher prices. However, they believe that a tax on the rent of land usually cannot be shifted and must be paid entirely by the landlord. What explains the difference?
How does the economist’s use of the term “rent” differ from everyday usage? Explain: “Though rent need not be paid by society to make land available, rental payments are useful in guiding land into the most productive uses.”
According to the screen shot of the graph attached:
If the firm depicted in the graph had to pay higher rent to its landlord, we would expect its ________ curve to shift ________.
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Economics: Principles & Policy
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- Assume that the South Australian government stops collecting stamp duty on home purchases from buyers. What will be the likely effect on the market for owner-occupied homes in the short run, and in the long term? Be sure to describe your assumptions, and the reasons for them.arrow_forwardSince the end of World War II, manufacturing firms in the United States and in Europe have been moving farther and farther outside of central cities. At the same time, firms in finance, insurance, and other parts of the service sector have been locating near downtown areas in tall buildings. One major reason seems to be that manufacturing firms find it difficult to substitute capital for land, whereas service-sector firms that use office space do not. d. Why is the demand for land likely to be high near the center of a city? *e. One of the reasons for substituting capital for land near the center of a city is that land is more expensive near the center. What is true about the relative supply of land near the center of a city? (Hint: What is the formula for the area of a circle?)arrow_forwardAs you can see from the article in the prior problem, "Rents Hit All-Time Highs amid Job Growth and Low Vacancy Rates," some people move out as a result of rent increases, while others are ready to pay an even higher rent. Rent control adds yet another aspect by setting a ceiling on what the rental price can ultimately rise to. The supply and demand model can be used to illustrate the mechanism that leads to all these different market outcomes. Consider the market for rental properties in Los Angeles and Orange counties in Southern California. Suppose that while average earnings increased by about 10% in Los Angeles and Orange counties, the average rent has increased by 20%. (Assume for a moment that there are no rent control regulations.) Adjust the following graph to illustrate the rent increase by either using the black point (cross symbol) or by shifting the supply and demand curves. The Market for Rental Properties in Los Angeles and Orange Counties 4000 3600 Supply Demand 3200…arrow_forward
- Economic rent is a surplus payment when viewed by the economy as a whole but a cost of production from the standpoint of individual firms and industries. as the price of land increases, there is an incentive to provide more of the resource. land rents are necessary to the economy to ensure that the land is available for economic use. the supply of land responds to changes in rent, but in order to use the land profitably, revenue must cover the rental payments. the supply of land does not respond to changes in rent, but in order to use the land profitably, revenue must cover the rental payments.arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Academia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $2-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Academia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…arrow_forward
- For each stock in the stock market, the number of shares sold daily equals the number of shares purchased. That is, the quantity of each firm’s shares demanded equals the quantity of its shares supplied. So, if this equality always occurs, why do the prices of stock shares ever change?arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Universalia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 100. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will…arrow_forwardSuppose that you are the vice president of operations of a manufacturing firm that sells an industrial lubricant in a competitive market. Further suppose that your economist gives you the following supply and demand functions: Demand: = 50 – 2P Supply: Q° = - 10 +P. What is the consumer surplus in this market? Consumer surplus is $ (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.) What is the producer surplus? Producer surplus is $ (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)arrow_forward
- The following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Universalia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…arrow_forwardHomework (Ch 05) The following graph input tool shows the daily demand for hotel rooms at the Peacock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. To help the hotel management better understand the market, an economist identified three primary factors that affect the demand for rooms each night. These demand factors, along with the values corresponding to the initial demand curve, are shown in the following table and alongside the graph input tool. Demand Factor Initial Value $50,000 per year Average American household income Roundtrip airfare from San Francisco (SFO) to Las Vegas (LAS) $200 per roundtrip Room rate at the Grandiose Hotel and Casino, which is near the Peacock $250 per night Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. Graph Input Tool 500 Market for Peacock's…arrow_forwardIs it true, as many people claim, that taxes assessed on producers are passed along to consumers? That is, do consumers pay for the entire tax?arrow_forward
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