Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 3AC
During major floods, only the topmost branches of submerged trees may be visible above the water. If you were asked to sketch the branches below the surface of the water solely on the basis of the positions of the exposed tips, you would be attempting a reconstruction somewhat similar to the “family tree” by which systematists link various organisms according to their common ancestors (analogous to branching points). What sources of error do both exercises share? What advantages do modern systematists have?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture.
In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?
How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?
Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.
Based on the past activities about constructing of phylogenetic trees, how do you distinguish characteristics between primitive and derived characteristics? provide and example to your answer
Phylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied.
a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized.
b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 18 - The science of naming and classifying organisms is...Ch. 18 - 2. 2. A scientific name consists of a(n) _________...Ch. 18 - In Linnaean classification, the eight major...Ch. 18 - 4. Systematists determine the evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FTBCh. 18 - The number of named species is about __________,...Ch. 18 - What contributions did Linnaeus and Darwin make to...Ch. 18 - What features would you study to determine whether...Ch. 18 - What techniques might you use to determine whether...Ch. 18 - 4. Only a small fraction of the total number of...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate? How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree? Given a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardDo you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forward
- Systematists prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa rather than paraphyletic taxa. Why?arrow_forwardConstructing a Phylogenetic Tree Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms. Plant Group Photosynthesis? Seeds? Water-conducting Tissue? Flowers? Ferns X Gymnosperms Mosses Angiosperms Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions. A В What characteristic appears just before group C branches off (the starred location)? flowers water conducting tissue seeds O photosynthesisarrow_forwardBelow are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which of the following statements is correct? ABCD ADCB DCBA D CAB (1) (2) (3) (4) Tree (1) and Tree (2) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (4) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (3) are the same tree. All four trees are in fact the same tree. All four trees are in fact different trees.arrow_forward
- Which statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees? a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarilyarrow_forwardIn the phylogenetic tree below, which group(s) are monophyletic? (select all that apply) Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 O Group 1 O Group 2 O Group 3 O None of these groups are monophyleticarrow_forwardhttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zSPga7hIHIL0ewoY7KJGv3FPaSHzWit6?usp=sharing Click the link to access the Dichotomous Key, What we need is the Phylum or Subphylum and Class of the following species. Indicate also the Reference key used based on the keyarrow_forward
- Below are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which of the following statements is correct? Tree (1) and Tree (2) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (4) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (3) are the same tree. All four trees are in fact the same tree. All four trees are in fact different trees.arrow_forwardA critical concern of systematics is that the genera are , that all the species included in the genus are related to each other by a common ancestor, and that (circle one: all, most, at least half) of the descendants of that common ancestor are in the same genus. Such a genus is (circle one: polyphyletic, monophyletic).arrow_forwardAn analysis of the phylogeny of mutualistic and free-living fungi, as well as the rates of nucleotide substitutions in selected ribosomal RNA regions, was conducted with a view to determining how coevolution can drive changes in the heritable traits of a species. Which of the following is NOT the expected outcome of the study? A. There was a faster rate of molecular evolution occuring among free-living fungal species compared to lichens. B. Fungi coevolving with algae in lichens featured higher rates of nucleotide substitutions. C. Higher rates of nucleotide substitution in mutualistic fungi were widespread across many sections of the genome. D. The transition to mutualism accelerated the rate of molecular evolution for fungal species.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license