Pearson eText Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780136874089
Author: Frederic Martini, Judi Nath
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 18, Problem 2RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Cyclic AMP is a type of second messenger present in cytoplasm and is a derivative of ATP, and calcium ions (Ca2+).
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Which of the following statements about endocrine signalling hormones is TRUE?
a) They are only soluble in lipids.
b) In vertebrates, they are only transported through the blood circulatory system.
c) They include a group of chemicals known as pheromones.
d) Each hormone can react with only one specific receptor type.
e) They are also involved in synaptic signalling.
Three membrane receptor proteins bind tightly to a hormone. Based on the data in the table below, (a) what is the Kd for hormone binding byprotein 2? (Include appropriate units.) (b) Which of these proteins binds most tightly to this hormone?
Identify molecule (1) in the pathway of hormonal regulation illustrated below:
(A) ion channel
(B) G protein-coupled receptor
(C) tyrosine kinase receptor
(D) cytoplasmic/nuclear receptor
Chapter 18 Solutions
Pearson eText Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1CPCh. 18 - Describe paracrine communication.Ch. 18 - Identify five mechanisms of intercellular...Ch. 18 - What primary factor determines each cells hormonal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5CPCh. 18 - Prob. 6CPCh. 18 - Prob. 7CPCh. 18 - If a person were dehydrated, how would the amount...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9CPCh. 18 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11CPCh. 18 - Prob. 12CPCh. 18 - When a persons thyroid gland is removed, signs of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14CPCh. 18 - Prob. 15CPCh. 18 - Prob. 16CPCh. 18 - Prob. 17CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18CPCh. 18 - Prob. 19CPCh. 18 - Prob. 20CPCh. 18 - Increased amounts of light would inhibit the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 22CPCh. 18 - Prob. 23CPCh. 18 - Prob. 24CPCh. 18 - Prob. 25CPCh. 18 - Prob. 26CPCh. 18 - Prob. 27CPCh. 18 - Prob. 28CPCh. 18 - Prob. 29CPCh. 18 - The lack of which hormones would inhibit skeletal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 31CPCh. 18 - Prob. 32CPCh. 18 - Prob. 33CPCh. 18 - Prob. 1RQCh. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - Prob. 3RQCh. 18 - Prob. 4RQCh. 18 - The two hormones released by the posterior lobe of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Prob. 8RQCh. 18 - Prob. 9RQCh. 18 - Prob. 10RQCh. 18 - Prob. 11RQCh. 18 - Prob. 12RQCh. 18 - Prob. 13RQCh. 18 - Prob. 14RQCh. 18 - Prob. 15RQCh. 18 - Prob. 16RQCh. 18 - Prob. 17RQCh. 18 - What is the primary difference in the way the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19RQCh. 18 - Prob. 20RQCh. 18 - Prob. 21RQCh. 18 - Prob. 22RQCh. 18 - Prob. 23RQCh. 18 - Prob. 24RQCh. 18 - Prob. 25RQCh. 18 - Prob. 26RQCh. 18 - Prob. 27RQCh. 18 - Prob. 28RQCh. 18 - Prob. 29RQCh. 18 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18 - Prob. 2CC
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- Give two examples of feedback control of hormone activity.arrow_forward1) Why are steroid hormones unable to be stored in secretory vesicles? 2) Other than increasing hormone solubility, describe two other consequences of hormones binding to binding proteins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a true statement? A.) steroid and thyroid hormone signaling would be impaired if the plasma level of carrier proteins is not optimal. B.) Steroid and thyroid hormone-receptor complexes form dimers when they bind to the hormone-response elements on DNA C.) Epinephrine uses the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C second messenger systems D.) signaling by a peptide hormone would be impaired if a second messenger system is not functional in the target cell E.) signaling by a steroid hormone would be hindered if the adenylated cyclase second messenger system is not functional in the target cell.arrow_forward
- What do steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common? (A) their solubility in cell membranes (B) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream (C) the location of their receptors (D) their reliance on signal transduction in the cellarrow_forward24. To be considered a target cell for a particular hormone, a cell must …. a) be experiencing a disruption in homeostasis. b) be the same cell type as the one that produced the hormone. c) be capable of producing that hormone. d) be located relatively close to the cells that produced the hormone. e) have receptors that recognize and bind to the hormone.arrow_forwardWhich of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormonearrow_forward
- All of the following hormones are properly classified EXCEPT (use the table below for general characteristics) (A) thyroxin-arachidonic acid (B) thromboxanes-arachidonic acid derivatives (C) estrogen-steroid (cholesterol based) (D) growth hormone-small protein (< 200 amino acid) (E) norepinephrine- amino acid derivativearrow_forwardAll of the following statements relating to endocrine signaling are correct EXCEPT:arrow_forwardIn the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his colleagues carried out pioneering experiments to elucidate the mechanism of action ofepinephrine and glucagon. Given what you have learned in this chapter about hormone action, interpret each of the experiments described below. Identify substance X and indicate the significance of the results.(a) Addition of epinephrine to a homogenate of normal liver resulted in an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. However, when the homogenate was first centrifuged at a high speed and epinephrine or glucagon was added to the clear supernatant fraction that contains phosphorylase, no increase in the phosphorylase activity occurred.(b) When the particulate fraction from the centrifugation in (a) was treated with epinephrine, substance X was produced. The substance was isolated and purified. Unlike epinephrine, substance X activated glycogen phosphorylase when added to the clear supernatant fraction of the centrifuged homogenate.(c)…arrow_forward
- What characteristics of a hormone receptor make itspecific for one type of hormone?arrow_forwardIdentify the three chemical classes of hormones, and give an example of each. Most hormones belong to which class?arrow_forwardPlease identify the incorrect statement about hormone signaling: A) Cystolic receptors bind to hydophobic hormones and transport them into the nucleus where they directly influence protein synthesis. B) Hydropholic hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane without help. Therefore, there are transport proteins that carry the hydrophillic hormones to the cytosol where it can bind its receptor C) Hydrophilic hormone signalling involves membrane receptors that have the ability to activate adenylyl cyclase, producing cAMP. cAMP then affects the activity of numerous proteins in the cytoplam. D) Hydrophobic hormones easily enter the plasma membrane. Therefore, there is no need for hydrophinic hormone receptors to be on the extracellular surface.arrow_forward
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