Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2DAA
Summary Introduction
To find: The species that is most closely related to the “Apapane” (Himatione sanguinea).
Concept introduction: A cladogram is a diagrammatic representation used to represent the relationship between the different groups of organisms. It is very helpful for comparing many number of clades based on different aspects. A clade is a group of species used in cladograms, which consists of one ancestor and all its descendants. Outgroups in a cladogram are used as point of comparison for the ingroup and completely allows for the phylogeny to be rooted.
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L
Gymnospermae
100
200
100 200 300
Amphibia
0 50 100 150 200
0 25 50 75 100
Aranea
Diptera
50
100
150
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
050 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would
this change the relationship between clade age and species richness?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
•
0100 200
0
200
●
●
T
300
400
Squamata
0
2.
0
6
0
0
0
300
4
2
0
2
0
4
2-
0
Pteridophyta
200
0
100
Mammalia
● 000 00
0
25
Coleoptera
0
300
50 75
2
2
0
Aves
Chondricthyes
Gymnospermae
100
200
Amphibia
050 100 150 200
Aranea
50
100 150
0 50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between
species richness and clade age?
Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in
mammals?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
●
●
T
200 300 400
Squamata
0
0
100
200
2.
0
2
0
300
6
4
2
2
0
10
2
0
Pteridophyta
200
0
100
Mammalia
●00
000000
0 25 50 75
Coleoptera
300
0
2
0
0
100
Aves
0
Chondricthyes
200
300
0 25 50 75 100
Diptera
In which of the following option, genus, characters and its
class/phylum are incorrectly matched?
Genus
Characters
Class/ Phylum
Presence of wings
(a)
|(1)Corvus
Aves
Air sacs connected to
|(b)
lungs
Distinct male and
(a)
female
|(2)Wuchereria
Aschelminthes
(b)
Internal fertilization
Presence of two pairs of
|(a) limbs
(3)Hyla
Amphibia
|(b)Body is divisible into
head and trunk
(a) Lives in fresh water
|(4)Lamprey
Chondrichthyes
(b)Cold blooded animal
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - In cladistics, the only taxon that is always...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2SQCh. 18 - A clade is _________. a. defined by a derived...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8SQCh. 18 - Mitochondrial DNA sequences are often used in...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 2DAACh. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - True or false? DNA barcoding can identify an...Ch. 18 - A mutation that alters the embryonic expression...Ch. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - True or false? Phylogeny helps us study the spread...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...
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