Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 2CCS
A Case of AIDS
A 25-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with thrush, diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, and difficulty in breathing. Cultures of pulmonary fluid reveal the presence of Pneumocystis. The man admits to being a heroin addict and to sharing needles in a “shooting gallery.”
- 1. What laboratory tests could confirm a diagnosis of AIDS?
- 2. How did the man most likely acquire an HIV infection?
- 3. What changes to the man’s immune system allowed the opportunistic infection of Pneumocystis to arise?
- 4. What precautions should health care providers take in handling blood?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea, which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low.
1. Why si HIV-1 antibody the predominant antibody present in the patient’s serum and why?
An otherwise healthy 24-year-old woman goes to her doctor complaining of a sudden onset of high fever, chills, uneasiness, and a severe headache. She also shows the doctor a painful sweling she is experiencing in her groin area. The doctor asks her about recent travel. She reports that she returned two days prior from a week-long camping and hiking trip in Texas. 1. How did the woman most likely contract the disease? 2. What are the potential problems associated with diagnosing this disease, and how crucial is prompt diagnosis of this disease? 3. The doctor asks you, as a nursing student rotating through his clinic, your opinion on the disease diagnosis and causative agent. What is your response? 4. How should the patient be treated? 5. Who should be notifed once the diagnosis is confimed? Why?
A man was diagnosed as having tertiary syphilis. He had been a responsible business man, a caring husband and a loving father until 3 years previously. At that time, his personality changed drastically. He became angry, abusive and dangerous. This culminated in him savagely killing a man and his son. The only physical symptom that he complained about was severe headaches.
1. What tests for syphilis would have been performed on serum?2. What would the results have been?3. What test would have been performed on his CSF in order to define his condition as tertiary syphilis?
The new boyfriend of a woman has assured her that he has never had syphilis. Just to be sure, she asks him to have syphilis testing. His RPR was non-reactive and his FTA-ABS was reactive.
4. Should she believe him?
5. Why or why not?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 18 - Prob. 1TMWCh. 18 - Prob. 2TMWCh. 18 - A Case of AIDS A 25-year-old man is admitted to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 18 - The immunoglobulin class that mediates type I...Ch. 18 - The major inflammatory mediator released by...Ch. 18 - Hemolytic disease of the new born is caused by...Ch. 18 - Farmers lung is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis...Ch. 18 - A positive tuberculin skin test indicates that a...
Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?...Ch. 18 - When a surgeon conducts a cardiac bypass operation...Ch. 18 - A deficiency of both B cells and T cells is most...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9MCCh. 18 - What do medical personnel administer to counteract...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not typically part of an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12MCCh. 18 - Prob. 13MCCh. 18 - Prob. 14MCCh. 18 - Prob. 15MCCh. 18 - Prob. 1MTFCh. 18 - Prob. 2MTFCh. 18 - Prob. 3MTFCh. 18 - Prob. 4MTFCh. 18 - Modified True/False 5. ___ Graft-versus-host...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1MCh. 18 - Prob. 1SACh. 18 - Prob. 2SACh. 18 - Prob. 3SACh. 18 - Contrast autografts, isografts, allografts, and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5SACh. 18 - Prob. 1VICh. 18 - Prob. 2VICh. 18 - Prob. 3VICh. 18 - Prob. 1CTCh. 18 - Why cant physicians use skin tests similar to the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3CTCh. 18 - Prob. 4CTCh. 18 - What types of illnesses cause death in patients...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6CTCh. 18 - Why do the blisters of positive tuberculin...Ch. 18 - Retroviruses such as HIV use RNA as a primer for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9CTCh. 18 - Reverse transcriptase is notoriously sloppy in...Ch. 18 - A patient arrives at the doctors office with a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12CTCh. 18 - Prob. 13CTCh. 18 - Prob. 1CM
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following are common methods of HIV transmission? Select ALL correct answers. 1.in blood, through shared needles or contact with open wounds 2.through the skin, by sitting on toilet seats without a barrier 3.in saliva, through kissing 4.in vaginal fluid or semen, through unprotected sexarrow_forwardA 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea, which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. 1. What laboratory tests in clinical chemistry are needed to confirm the patient’s diagnosisarrow_forwardAnswer the questions and explain briefly. 1. How can you apply the Germ Theory of Disease and the Koch’s Postulates in identifying the cause of all diseases? 2. The whole world is currently experiencing a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. How do viruses differ from other types of microorganisms? 3. What do you think bacteria need to grow? 4. In which of the four phases of bacterial growth would an antibiotic best work? 5. Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium seen within our body. How will you characterize it based on its requirements for pH, temperature and aeration?arrow_forward
- 1. What is the possible condition of the patient?2. Are the leukocyte count and differential count normal?3. What is the probable ethology of this disorder?4. What are the immunologic/serologic manifestations of infection?5. Are there any laboratory test that would further support the infection?arrow_forwardA 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea, which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. QUESTIONS: 1. What might be the predominant antibody present in the patient’s serum and why?arrow_forwardA 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea, which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low.Why is the CD4 count low? What might be the diagnosis of the patient? What additional hematology tests needed to confirm the diagnosis of the patient?arrow_forward
- A 6-year-old male is brought to his pediatrician's office with chickenpox. He has had symptoms for one week, and his mother is concerned about the patient's 8-year-old sister because she had a long, painful chickenpox infection 2 years prior. Of note, the patient was not vaccinated against chickenpox because his parents did not think it was a serious enough virus to warrant the pain of the injection. 5) Which of the following explanations correctly represents how this patient could have been protected from chickenpox infection? A) He would not have been infected if he were breastfed as a baby because he would have passive natural immunity. B) He would not have been infected if his mother had gamma globulin administered during pregnancy because he would have passive artificial immunity. C) He could have been protected from infection if he received active artificial immunity through the form of a vaccine. D) He may have a primary immunodeficiency disease because healthy humans are not…arrow_forwardA 13-year-old male, who recently immigrated with his parents from Romania, presents with a 2 day history of fever, sore throat and difficulty breathing. Immunization records are unavailable. On physical exam, temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). A grayish white membrane is seen in the oropharynx. There is enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, resulting in a bull neck. QUESTIONS: What pathogen caused the disease? What is the morphology and staining characteristics of the pathogen? What is its most important virulence factor? Discuss: Criteria for toxin production (lysogeny, iron…) Properties of the toxin Mode of action How does the pathogen spread? What risk factors are associated with the infection? What are the clinical symptoms of the disease? What are the possible complications from the disease? How is the disease diagnosed? Discuss: Specimen selection Microscopic observation Culture Virulence test What is the best treatment for the disease? How can the disease be prevented?…arrow_forwardWhat is the prognosis of this patient? What are the methods for disease prevention?arrow_forward
- 1. Streptococcus pyogenes typically causes pneumococcal pneumonia. True False 2. Viremia: a systemic infection resulting from viruses traveling throughout the circulatory system. (1 pt.) True Falsearrow_forwardA sick child of 5 years old was taken to the children's infectious diseases department. The general condition is serious. Fever, loss of consciousness, rapid pulse. Examination revealed "meningeal syndrome". Given the clinical picture, the patient underwent a spinal tap. At a puncture the turbid cerebrospinal fluid flowed in a stream.1. What research methods should be used to clarify the diagnosis?2. Specify the stages of making a smear for bacterioscopic diagnosis.3. Describe the microscopic picture of a smear made of cerebrospinal fluid. Evaluate the reliability of bacterioscopic diagnosis of this disease.4. Name the rapid diagnostic reactions that can be used in this case.5. What nutrient media should be taken for sowing the test material?arrow_forward1.A 6 year old child comes in with crusted pustules localized around her mouth. When the doctor finds out the causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus , he prescribes pencillin and rest. The doctor assures the patient's mother to not worry, as this condition is one of the most common child infections. What does the child have? 2.A 36 year old male presents with fever, malaise, and myalgia. After determining the causative agent is a virus, you prescribe bed rest and fluid replacement, as this condition usually resolves itself within a week. The patient claims to have received a vaccine for this condition a few years ago, but you explain to him that a new vaccine is needed every year due to the virus's ability to undergo antigenic drift. What is the patient suffering from?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Health Safety And Nutrition F/Young ChildHealth & NutritionISBN:9781305144767Author:MAROTZPublisher:CengageBasic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory C...NursingISBN:9781285244662Author:WhitePublisher:Cengage
Health Safety And Nutrition F/Young Child
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781305144767
Author:MAROTZ
Publisher:Cengage
Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory C...
Nursing
ISBN:9781285244662
Author:White
Publisher:Cengage
Complications during Labour and Delivery; Author: FirstCry Parenting;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnCviG4GpYg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY