Concept explainers
To enlist:
The characteristics and representatives of the given animal phyla.
Introduction:
Animal phyla include a list of the major groups of animals that include invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates are the animals that do not have a backbone and the vertebrates are the backbone bearing animals.
Explanation of Solution
The key characteristics and the representatives of the animal phyla are described in the following table.
Phylum |
Characteristics |
Representatives |
Sponges |
They are included in phylum porifera. It is a simple animal with no mouth, heart or muscles. It is sessile animal containing many pores and cells for filter feeding. Asymmetrical. |
Sponges and common bath sponge. |
Cnidarians |
They are aquatic animals. Coelom is absent. They contain cnidocyte cells to capture prey. Radial symmetry. |
Sea anemone, jellyfish, corals and Obelia. |
|
Included in phylum Platyhelminthes. No body cavity. Bilateral symmetry. |
Planaria and tape worms. |
Nematodes |
They have complete |
Roundworms and hookworms. |
Molluscs |
They have a soft and unsegmented body. Have mantle and the muscular foot. |
Snails, squids, octopus and mussels. |
Annelida |
They are the true segmented worms. Have closed circulatory system. |
Earthworms and leeches. |
Arthropods |
Presence of jointed legs, antennae, exoskeleton and closed circulatory system. Bilateral symmetry. |
Insects, crab and millipedes. |
Echinoderms |
They have spiny skin, water vascular system, body containing 5 equal segments and tube feet. Radial symmetry. |
Star fish and sea urchin. |
Chordates |
Presence of notochord, dorsal nerve chord, gill slits and bilateral symmetry. |
Mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians. |
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Chapter 18 Solutions
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- Make a bracketed or indented dichotomous key for identifying and classifying the 9 major Invertebrate Phyla: Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata Rules to follow in constructing a dichotomous key: Only use observable characteristics Start with major characteristics, placing organisms into two groups at each stage Use a single characteristic at a time Use contrasting characteristics at each stage i.e. 1(a) short, 1(b) tall Avoid using the same characteristicsarrow_forwardComplete the table with the correct concepts you have learned about the different characteristics of the phyla discussed. CNIDARIA MOLLUSCA ECHINODERMATA ARTHROPODA CHORDATA SYMMETRY REPRODUCTION CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEMarrow_forwardCreate a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different phyla. Phyla: Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca Nematoda Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Characters: True tissues Blastopore forms the mouth Blastopore forms anus Undergo ecdysis Notochord Mantle and muscular foot Water vascular system Trochophore Segmented jointed appendages Chitinous setae Muscles and nerves Triploblasticarrow_forward
- Give an overview of the different characteristics of the major animal phyla using the table below (1-3 sentence per box only)arrow_forwardConstruct a character matrix by making observations on the different features of the following group of invertebrates. On the table, write 1 if the character is present in (or exhibited by) the group; 0 if absent (or is not exhibited). Group of organisms Segmentation Coelom Jointed appendages Cephalization Tissues Radial symmetry Porifera Arthropods Cnidarians Nematodes Annelids Input the characters in the pre-made cladogramthat is provided for you. Also, write in the empty boxes the correct group of organisms to show relationships. One character and one group of organism is done for you.arrow_forwardLook at the phylogenetic tree above. Which of the following organisms are in the Bilateria? hydra cnidarians sponges sea stars butterflies corals snails earthwormsarrow_forward
- please complete the table!arrow_forwardGive an overview of the different characteristics of the major animal phyla using the table below (1-3 sentence explanation per box only)arrow_forwardGive an overview of the different characteristics of the major animal phyla using the table below (1-3 sentence explanation per box only)arrow_forward
- compare the body symmetry of the organisms: jellyfish, scypha, planaria (dugesia), protoreaster, sea urchin larva, butterfly, tilapia Type of Symmetry Phylum/Phyla Example specimens Advantage of this symmetry Asymmetrical Porifera Scypha Radial Cnidaria, Echinodermata Jellyfish, Protoreaster Bilateral Platyhelminthes, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Chordata Dugesia Sea Urchin Larva, Butterfly, Tilapiaarrow_forwardNonearrow_forwardUsing the examples from the animals you have studied in this lab, give the differences between the following phyla: Echinodermata and planaria Cnidaria and Porifera Annelida and Nematoda Cnidaria and Mollusca Echinodermata and Chordata 2. Charles a Biology student in California has found at the beach an animal he cannot name. What are some of the questions that he should ask to help determine the phylum of the animal? Based on the data that you recorded during this lab do you see a relationship between symmetry, cephalization, and number of germ layers? Can you tell what germ layer appears last? Name three characteristics or features in the phyla studied that you could tell are ancestral or primitive and three that you may call advance? Explain further?arrow_forward
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