Chapter 18, Problem 18.182P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

At $pH7,$ the fraction of ammonia in total nitrogen solution has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The self-dissociation constant for water can be written as follows,

${\text{K}}_{\text{w}}{\text{ = K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ × K}}_{\text{b}}$

Where,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{w}}\text{ = water dissociation constant}\\ {\text{K}}_{\text{a}}\text{ = acid dissociation constant}\\ {\text{ K}}_{\text{b}}\text{ = base dissociation constant}\end{array}$

  ${\text{K}}_{\text{w}}={10}^{-14}$

$pH$ can be calculated from the following equation if $[H_3{O}^{+}]$ is known. Similarly  $[H_3{O}^{+}]$ canbe calculated if $pH$ is known.

$pH=-{\log }_{10}[H_3{O}^{+}]$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

At $pH10,$ the fraction of ammonia in total nitrogen solution has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The self-dissociation constant for water can be written as follows,

${\text{K}}_{\text{w}}{\text{ = K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ × K}}_{\text{b}}$

Where,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{w}}\text{ = water dissociation constant}\\ {\text{K}}_{\text{a}}\text{ = acid dissociation constant}\\ {\text{ K}}_{\text{b}}\text{ = base dissociation constant}\end{array}$

  ${\text{K}}_{\text{w}}={10}^{-14}$

$pH$ can be calculated from the following equation if $[H_3{O}^{+}]$ is known. Similarly  $[H_3{O}^{+}]$ can be calculated if $pH$ is known.

$pH=-{\log }_{10}[H_3{O}^{+}]$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Basis of ammonia stripping has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Air stripping is a method to transfer volatile components to air from liquid. Ammonia can be removed from waste water through this method.