Physical Science
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862626
Author: Bill Tillery, Stephanie J. Slater, Timothy F. Slater
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 14AC
The name of the single large continent suggested by Wegener is
a. Pan-continental.
b. Atlantis.
c. Pangaea.
d. Asia Major.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Physical Science
Ch. 18 - 1. The core of Earth is composed of
a. iron and...Ch. 18 - 2. The middle part of Earth's interior is
a....Ch. 18 - 3. The separation of materials that gave Earth its...Ch. 18 - 4. A vibration that moves through any part of...Ch. 18 - 5. The S-wave is a
a. longitudinal wave.
b....Ch. 18 - 6. Waves that occur where S- or P-waves reach the...Ch. 18 - 7. The three main areas of Earth’s interior are
a....Ch. 18 - 8. The boundary between the crust and the mantle...Ch. 18 - 9. The mantle is composed of
a. sulfides.
b....Ch. 18 - 10. Seismological studies suggests that the...
Ch. 18 - 11. Evidence from meteorite studies proposes that...Ch. 18 - 12. The layer in Earth where seismic waves sharply...Ch. 18 - 13. The layer that is broken up into plates that...Ch. 18 - 14. The name of the single large continent...Ch. 18 - 15. Records of the strength and directions of...Ch. 18 - 16. The chain of mountains found in the center of...Ch. 18 - 17. Long, deep, and narrow oceanic trenches are...Ch. 18 - 18. The theory that the lithosphere is composed of...Ch. 18 - 19. The plate boundary associated with the...Ch. 18 - 20. The movement of one plate under another plate...Ch. 18 - 21. Transform boundaries occur when
a. two plates...Ch. 18 - 22. What is the current theory about why the...Ch. 18 - 23. The seismic waves that cause the most damage...Ch. 18 - 24. Earth’s mantle has a chemical composition that...Ch. 18 - 25. From seismological data, Earth’s shadow zone...Ch. 18 - 26. The Mohorovicic discontinuity is a change in...Ch. 18 - 27. The oldest rocks are found in
a. continental...Ch. 18 - 28. The least dense rocks are found in
a....Ch. 18 - 29. The idea of seafloor spreading along the...Ch. 18 - 30. According to the plate tectonics theory,...Ch. 18 - 31. The presence of an oceanic trench, a chain of...Ch. 18 - 32. The presence of an oceanic trench with shallow...Ch. 18 - 33. The ongoing occurrence of earthquakes without...Ch. 18 - 34. The evidence that Earth's core is part liquid...Ch. 18 - 35. The surfaces of early planets in our solar...Ch. 18 - 36. The early Earth’s core is thought to have...Ch. 18 - 37. Indirect evidence that supports the theory of...Ch. 18 - 38. The oceanic crust is
a. thicker than the...Ch. 18 - 39. Seismic waves that do not travel through...Ch. 18 - 40. The fastest seismic wave is the
a. P-wave.
b....Ch. 18 - 41. Information about the composition and nature...Ch. 18 - 42. Primary information about the nature of the...Ch. 18 - 43. The asthenosphere is not defined as
a....Ch. 18 - 44. Earth’s magnetic field is thought to be...Ch. 18 - 45. Studies of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provided...Ch. 18 - 46. Evidence that supports seafloor spreading does...Ch. 18 - 47. A geologic feature that was produced by...Ch. 18 - 48. Which type of plate boundary accounts for the...Ch. 18 - 49. Which type of plate boundary was responsible...Ch. 18 - 50. A famous transform boundary in the United...Ch. 18 - 51. Plate movement is measured by
a. reflected...Ch. 18 - 52. Islands that form when melted subducted...Ch. 18 - 1. Describe one theory of how Earth came to have a...Ch. 18 - 2. Briefly describe the internal composition and...Ch. 18 - 3. What is the asthenosphere? Why is it important...Ch. 18 - 4. Describe the parts of Earth included in the (a)...Ch. 18 - 5. What is continental drift? How is it different...Ch. 18 - 6. Rocks, sediments, and fossils around an oceanic...Ch. 18 - 7. Describe the origin of the magnetic strip...Ch. 18 - 8. Explain why ancient rocks are not found on the...Ch. 18 - 9. Describe the three major types of plate...Ch. 18 - 10. What is an island arc? Where are they found?...Ch. 18 -
11. Briefly describe a model that explains how...Ch. 18 - 12. Briefly describe the theory of plate tectonics...Ch. 18 - 13. What is an oceanic trench? What is the...Ch. 18 - 14. Describe the probable source of all the...Ch. 18 - 15. The northwestern coast of the United States...Ch. 18 - 16. Explain how the crust of Earth is involved in...Ch. 18 - 1. Why are there no active volcanoes in the...Ch. 18 - 2. Describe cycles that occur on Earth's surface...Ch. 18 - 3. Discuss evidence that would explain why plate...Ch. 18 - 4. Analyze why you would expect most earthquakes...Ch. 18 - 1. The rate at which the temperature increases...Ch. 18 - 2. Based on a geothermal gradient of 15°C/km, what...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 18 - 4. What is the pressure, in N/m2, at the depth of...Ch. 18 - 5. What is the pressure, in N/m2, at a depth of 75...Ch. 18 - 6. What is the pressure, in N/m2, at the base of...Ch. 18 - 7. Wood floating in water can demonstrate how the...Ch. 18 - 8. A teacher would like to demonstrate the...Ch. 18 - 9. A survey of a mid-oceanic ridge determined the...Ch. 18 - 10. GPS stations on two separate plates have...Ch. 18 - 11. What is the geothermal gradient along a...Ch. 18 - 12. What are the subduction direction and slope of...Ch. 18 - 13. What are the subduction direction and slope,...Ch. 18 - 14. Earthquake data from a subduction zone are...Ch. 18 - 15. The North American Plate is moving west at a...
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- The Hawaiian-Emperor chain of undersea volcanoes is about 7500 km long, and the Pacific plate is moving 9.2 cm a year. How old is the oldest detectable volcano in the chain? What has happened to older volcanoes in the chain?arrow_forwardEarth's surface area is 5.10x10^8 km^2 .Earth's crust has a thickness (or depth) of 35 km and density 2.8 g/cm^3 for earth's crust. a) Calculate the volume of earth's crust in km^3 b) Express your answer from part (a) in cm^3 c) Calculate the mass of the crust tons (t) : 1 ton=1000kg d) Silicon's concentration in earth's crust is 2.72x105grams/ton. Calculate the mass of silicon (in grams) present in earth's crust.arrow_forwardHow many parallel canyon systems collectively make up the Valles Marineris a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4arrow_forward
- Which of the following is most responsible for the formation of new crust ar the edge of a tectonic plate? A. mountain building at a continent-continent convergent boundary B. magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary С. two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transform boundary D. subduction of one oceanic plate under another at a convergent boundaryarrow_forwardThe condensation hypothesis for the formation of the moon suggests that the moon and Earth formed as a double planet from the same cloud within the solar nebula. It predicts a. that the moon and Earth should have nearly the same mass and radius. b. that the surfaces of the moon and Earth should be very similar and show evidence of plate tectonics. c. that the moon and Earth should have identical compositions and densities. d. all of the above. e. a and c.arrow_forwardExplain briefly how the following phenomena happen on Earth, relating your answers to the theory of plate tectonics A. earthquakes B. continental drift C. mountain building D. volcanic eruptions E. creation of the Hawaiian island chainarrow_forward
- If the Atlantic sea floor is spreading at 3.0 cm/yr and is now 6400 km wide, how long ago were the continents in contact? How does that time span compare to the age of the Earth?arrow_forwardThe Hawaiian Islands have formed as the Pacific Plate moves northwestward over a hot spot of Earth’s interior that provides magma to form several volcanos. Explain what could happen if the Pacific Plate continues to move.arrow_forwardHEIGHT OF A CONTINENT ABOVE THE MANTLE. In the figure below, a simple model considers a continent as a block (density = 2,800 kg/m^3) floating in the mantle (density = 3,300 kg/m3). Assuming the continent is 35 km thick (the average thickness of the Earth's crust), estimate the height (in km) of the continent above the surrounding mantle. Continent (density = 2800 kg/m3) mg Mantle rock (density = 3300 kg/m³) 5.3. 7.4. 9.8 12. 17.arrow_forward
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