To write the aldol condensation product of cyclohexanone. Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine. The β -hydroxy aldehyde and β -hydroxy ketone are dehydrated easily because the double bond that is formed after removal of water is in conjugation with the carbonyl group. The product formed after the loss of water molecule is the aldol condensation product.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17.11, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the aldol condensation product of cyclohexanone.

Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine. The β-hydroxy aldehyde and β-hydroxy ketone are dehydrated easily because the double bond that is formed after removal of water is in conjugation with the carbonyl group. The product formed after the loss of water molecule is the aldol condensation product.

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β-D-Glucose, a hemiacetal, can be converted to a mixture of acetals on treatment with CH3OH in the presence of acid. Draw a stepwise mechanism for this reaction. Explain why two acetals are formed from a single starting material.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17.11, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the aldol condensation product of cyclohexanone.

Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine. The β-hydroxy aldehyde and β-hydroxy ketone are dehydrated easily because the double bond that is formed after removal of water is in conjugation with the carbonyl group. The product formed after the loss of water molecule is the aldol condensation product.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17.11, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write the aldol condensation product of cyclohexanone.

Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine. The β-hydroxy aldehyde and β-hydroxy ketone are dehydrated easily because the double bond that is formed after removal of water is in conjugation with the carbonyl group. The product formed after the loss of water molecule is the aldol condensation product.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17.11, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction