Introduction:
The adrenal gland is composed of two glands with different origin of cells and functions. It is located on the superior part of each kidney. The size of the adrenal gland in adult is about 5-cm long and 3-cm wide. In newborns, it weighs nearly 8-10 g; however, half of its weight is reduced at the age of 2 years. Involution causes the shrinkage of this gland, and the gland remains about 4-5 g in adults. The adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex are the inner and outer portions of the adrenal gland, respectively. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, whereas the adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone. The adrenal gland regulates alertness,
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 17 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM A
- ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones secreted from the pituitarys _____________ lobe. a. anterior b. posterior c. primary d. secondaryarrow_forwardAddisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. President John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with the disease when he was a young man. Before he started treatment with hormone replacement therapy, he was hypoglycemic and lost weight. Which missing hormone was responsible for his weight loss? How might Addisons disease have affected his blood pressure?arrow_forwardA physician sees a patient whose symptoms include sluggishness, depression, and intolerance to cold. After eliminating other possible causes, the doctor diagnoses a hormone problem. What disorder fits the symptoms? Why does the doctor suspect that the underlying cause is a malfunction of the anterior pituitary gland?arrow_forward
- Each steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes necessary to produce any steroid hormone. (True or false?)arrow_forwardHormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands. ___________ ____________ ___________ __________arrow_forwardMost of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary perform what function? a. regulate growth b. regulate the sleep cycle c. regulate production of other hormones d. regulate blood volume and blood pressurearrow_forward
- Selective destruction or removal of the adrenal cortex is fatal, but destruction orremoval of the adrenal medulla produces no clear adverse effect. Explain why these two parts of the adrenal gland would differ?so much in their necessity to life?arrow_forwardDescribe the two portions of an adrenal gland.arrow_forwardWhat is the primary gland that secrets epinephrine? This is not and will not be gradedarrow_forward
- Imagine that you are being chased by an alligator. How would your adrenal glands respond? How would that help? (Be specific.)arrow_forwardDescribe the hormones and functions of adrenal medulla. Why are they called glands of emergency?arrow_forwardCell bodies of neurons whose axons make up the posterior pituitary are located in thearrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning