Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169804
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 30E
Sketch a hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, and explain how it is affected by pH and
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Calculate the fractional saturation for hemoglobin when the partial pressure of oxygen is 80 mm Hg. Assume hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen at a partial pressure of 24 mm Hg and that the Hill coefficient is 3.
o Suppose Gina climbs a high mountain where the oxygen partial pressure in the air decreases to 70 torr. Assume that the pH of
her tissues and lungs is 7.4 and the oxygen concentration in her tissues is 20 torr. The P50 of hemoglobin is 26 torr. The degree
of cooperativity of hemoglobin (n) is 2.8.
Estimate the percentage of the oxygen-carrying capacity that she utilizes.
oxygen-carrying capacity utilized:
After Gina spends a day at the mountaintop, where the oxygen partial pressure is 70 torr, the concentration of
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in her red blood cells increases.
Why does increasing the concentration of 2,3-BPG in Gina's blood cells help her function well at high altitudes?
The P50 value of her hemoglobin increases, promoting oxygen delivery to tissues.
The P50 value of her hemoglobin decreases, causing more blood-to-tissue oxygen offloading.
The extra 2,3-BPG stabilizes the relaxed, or R, state of hemoglobin, increasing oxygen binding.
Excess 2,3-BPG binds oxygen…
Below is the oxygen saturation curve for myoglobin and hemoglobin at a pH of 7. The p50 for
myoglobin is indicated by the dashed lines on the graph.
Mb and Hb O2 saturation: pH 7
10
0.8
Myoglobin
0.6
P50 = 0.2
0.4
Hemoglobin
0.2 -
0.0
pO2 [kPa]
Which of these molecules (Mb/Hb/neither or both) has cooperativity?
[ Select ]
What would you expect to happen to the p50 of myoglobin if the pH were decreased to a pH of 4?
[ Select ]
Fraction saturation
Chapter 17 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 17.1.1QCCh. 17.2 - If the cells of the body consume 300 mL of oxygen...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 17.1.3QCCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 17.2.1QCCh. 17.3 - Prob. 17.2.2QCCh. 17.3 - Prob. 17.2.3QCCh. 17.3 - What happens to alveolar
when a person...
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 17.4 - Explain the cause of pulmonary edema, and how it...Ch. 17.4 - How are the symptoms of pulmonary edema treated?
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 17.3.1QCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 17.3.2QCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 17.3.3QCCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.4.1QCCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.4.2QCCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.4.3QCCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.5.1QCCh. 17.6 - Which stimuli activate the peripheral...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 17.6.1QCCh. 17.7 - What effect does a decrease in
in the...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 17.6.3QCCh. 17.8 - Prob. 17.7.1QCCh. 17.8 - Prob. 17.7.2QCCh. 17 - Prob. 1ECh. 17 - Prob. 2ECh. 17 - Prob. 3ECh. 17 - Which of the following does not affect alveolar...Ch. 17 - During hyperventilation, which of the following...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6ECh. 17 - Prob. 7ECh. 17 - Prob. 8ECh. 17 - Prob. 9ECh. 17 - Prob. 10ECh. 17 - Prob. 11ECh. 17 - Prob. 12ECh. 17 - Which of the following areas of the brain contain...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14ECh. 17 - Prob. 15ECh. 17 - Prob. 16ECh. 17 - Prob. 17ECh. 17 - Prob. 18ECh. 17 - Prob. 19ECh. 17 - Prob. 20ECh. 17 - Prob. 21ECh. 17 - Prob. 22ECh. 17 - Prob. 23ECh. 17 - (Central/Peripheral) chemoreceptors respond...Ch. 17 - Coughing is triggered by stimulation of pulmonary...Ch. 17 - In respiratory acidosis, arterial is...Ch. 17 - 27. An increase in the
of alveolar air would be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 28ECh. 17 - Prob. 29ECh. 17 - Sketch a hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 31ECh. 17 - Prob. 32ECh. 17 - Prob. 33ECh. 17 - Prob. 34ECh. 17 - Prob. 35ECh. 17 - Barbiturate overdoses cause respiratory...Ch. 17 - Prob. 37E
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- How does hemoglobin help maintain the oxygen partial pressure gradient during gas transport in the body?arrow_forwardA low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________. Haldane effect Bohr effect Daltons law Henrys lawarrow_forwardUse the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to determine hemoglobin saturation/O2 content at various pO2 and/or pH levels.arrow_forward
- O E-If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE Which of the following is NOT true about the liver lobule? * (1) Bile canaliculi transport bile towards the bile ducts located at the corners of the liver lobule. (2) Sinusoidal capillaries drain into the central vein. (3) Liver lobules are capable of producing plasma proteins such as albumin. (4) The portal arteriole takes blood to the liver lobule, while the portal venule takes blood away from the liver lobule. O A - If answers (1), (2) and (3) are TRUE B - If answers (1) and (3) are TRUE O C- If answers (2) and (4) are TRUE O D- If only answer (4) is TRUE O E- If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE Which of the following is NOT true with regards the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve? * 27°C ere to searcharrow_forwardWith the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released to the tissues because: a decrease in pH weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond a decrease in pH strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bon Oan increase in pH strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond an increase in pH weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bondarrow_forwardWhat effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH and why? What simple measure can be used to correct the pH imbalance and how does it work? What effect would hyperventilation have on hemoglobin O2 saturation in a normal healthy individual? What effect would a PaO2 of 60 mmHg have on hemoglobin O2 saturation and why? (explain in terms of the O2-Hb dissociation curve)arrow_forward
- Suppose Gina climbs a high mountain where the oxygen partial pressure in the air decreases to 70 torr. Assume that the pH of her tissues and lungs is 7.4 and the oxygen concentration in her tissues is 20 torr. The P50 of hemoglobin is 26 torr. The degree of cooperativity of hemoglobin, n, is 2.8. Estimate the percentage of the oxygen-carrying capacity that she utilizes. Calculate your answer to one decimal place. сараcity: %arrow_forwardIn addition to O2 binding, changes in other chemical conditions can result in changes in hemoglobin structure and function. Increases in blood H+ result in oxygen binding curves for hemoglobin that are shifted to the right. The effect of H+ can be understood in terms of the equilibrium:H-Hb+ + O2 → Hb-O2 + H+How does the difference in pH in the lungs and tissues help hemoglobin do its job of delivering oxygen? Use the equilibrium equation in your argument.arrow_forwardx The Bohr effect describes the impact of changes in serum pH and CO2 concentrations on the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin. This effect is physiologically important because it allows the body to adapt to changing conditions and provide enough oxygen to different types of tissues. **Plot the curves of hemoglobin oxygen saturation for patients in conditions of acidosis (serum pH below 7.34) and alkalosis (serum pH higher than 7.45) and compare it to the one in normal conditions. ** **When tissues, such as muscle tissue, are performing large amounts of strenuous activity the increase in metabolic activity produces CO2 as waste. Once in the bloodstream the enzyme carbonic anhydrase speeds up the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons. How does this affect the release of oxygen to the tissues?** **2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is an allosteric inhibitor of oxygen binding to hemoglobin. Acclimatization to high altitude involves numerous physiological and biochemical changes,…arrow_forward
- To demonstrate an understanding of oxyhemoglobin binding, insert a word from the list in each blank to complete the statements. Not all terms will be used. increased A right shift of the oxy-hemoglobin curve signifies a affinity for oxygen. hold acidic A temperature will cause a right shift of the oxy- hemoglobin curve. basic A more pH than normal blood pH will cause a right shift higher of the oxy-hemoglobin curve. As a person exercises, their muscles give off heat which raises the temperature of the blood. This will cause hemoglobin to more oxygen at the cells. lower release decreasedarrow_forwardDo you think erythropoietin levels in athletes at low altitude are lower, higher, or the same after training at a high altitude for 2 months? Explain your answer. Calculate the average ml of oxygen molecules in 100 ml blood in the athletes at low altitude and then in athletes in high altitude while training at high altitude. Use the following information: 1.39 ml of oxygen per gram of hemoglobin. Do athletes training at high altitudes have more or less oxygen molecules per ml of blood then athletes training at low altitudes? Explain why this difference gives athletes who train at high altitudes an advantage over athletes who train only at low altitudes.arrow_forwardFigure 5 shows oxyhemoglobin dissociatlon curves at pH 7.2 and pH 7.4. Which of the following is true at PO2 less than 40 mm Hg? 27. % saturation af haemogiobin 100 pH 7.4 80 60 pH 7.2 40 + 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Po; (mm Hg) Figure 5 A. Hemoglobin retains less O2 at pH 7.4 compared to pH 7.2. B. Hemoglobin retains less O2 at pH 7.2 compared to pH 7.4. C. The release of O2 from hemoglobin is not influenced by the production of CO2. D. At pH 7.2 where CO2 production is less than pH 7.4, hemoglobin releases less O2.arrow_forward
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