HUMAN BIOLOGY
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260233032
Author: Mader
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 17, Problem 1TC
Female athletes who train intensively often stop menstruating.
The important factor appears to be the reduction of body fat below a certain level. Give a possible evolutionary explanation tor a relationship between body fat in females and reproductive cycles.
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Female athletes who train intensively often stop menstruating. The important factor appears to be the reduction of body fat below a certain level. Give a possible evolutionary explanation for a relationship between body fat in females and reproductive cycles.
Mammalian sperm don’t live very long after ejaculation.Therefore, for a rhino cow to become pregnant, the sperm must be placed in her vagina or uterus, whether by mating or by artificial insemination, at about the same time that ovulation occurs.The simplest way to ensure correct timing is to induce ovulation and have mating or artificial insemination the same day. How might ovulation be induced, in rhinos or in other mammals?
Mate guarding is an evolved response to sperm competition. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) females regularly mate with several males in the same estrous cycle, whereas gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) females almost never do, since they typically live in bands, each controlled by a single, powerful male. How large (as a proportion of body size) should the testes of chimpanzee males be relative to gorilla testes (Harcourt et al. 1981)? If the testes of men are more similar to those of chimpanzees, what would this tell us about the intensity of sperm competition during our evolutionary past? If, on the other hand, human testes resemble those of gorillas, what conclusion is justified?
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Chapter 17 Solutions
HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 17.1 - List the functions of the reproductive system in...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.1 - Compare the functions of the reproductive system...Ch. 17.1 - Contrast the two types of cell division in the...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 17.2 - Identify the structures of the male reproductive...Ch. 17.2 - Describe the location and stages of...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2CYP
Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.3 - In your view, is male circumcision unjustifiable?...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 2BTBCh. 17.3 - How should the United States prosecute parents who...Ch. 17.3 - Distinguish the structures of the female...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 17.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 17.4 - List the stages of the ovarian cycle and explain...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 17.4 - Summarize the roles of estrogen and progesterone...Ch. 17.4 - Describe the changes that occur in the ovarian and...Ch. 17.4 - Describe the changes that occur in the ovarian and...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1BTBCh. 17.5 - Should couples with multiples'1 due to infertility...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 3BTBCh. 17.5 - Prob. 4BTBCh. 17.5 - List the major forms of birth control in order of...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 17.6 - Prob. 2BTHCh. 17.6 - Explain which condition can occur due to a...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 17.6 - Discuss the causes of most STDs.Ch. 17 - Prob. 1ACh. 17 - Prob. 2ACh. 17 - Prob. 3ACh. 17 - Prob. 4ACh. 17 - Prob. 5ACh. 17 - (
9
)6. Label this diagram of the female...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7ACh. 17 - Prob. 8ACh. 17 - Prob. 9ACh. 17 - Prob. 10ACh. 17 - Prob. 11ACh. 17 - Prob. 12ACh. 17 - Prob. 13ACh. 17 - Prob. 14ACh. 17 - Prob. 15ACh. 17 - Prob. 16ACh. 17 - Female athletes who train intensively often stop...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TCCh. 17 - Prob. 3TC
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- Clownfish are protandrous hermaphrodites. Determine whether the following features are encoded by the clownfish genome or are influenced by the proteome in response to the environment. The juvenile clownfish has both male and female immature reproductive organs. Clownfish are able to produce both testosterone and 17-estradiol. Genome encoded Increased estradiol levels lead to increased levels of proteins that promote the growth of female sex organs. Increased testosterone levels lead to increased - levels of proteins that cause male sex organs to develop Proteome influencedarrow_forwardThe change of successful fertilization is approximately 18% in every cycle. Why does this statistic seem so low? All of the following statements provide a reason as to why the chance of fertilization is 18% every ovarian cycle EXEPT Select one: A. Some Sperm cells are not very motile, while others are formed without a tail. B. If more than one sperm fertilizes an egg, multiple embryos can result. C. Vagina is very acidic, killing many sperm. D. There two fallopian tubes and two ovaries, but only one of them releases an ovum every cycle.arrow_forwardGive account of events that occur following mating and before the onset of cleavage in mammalsarrow_forward
- Oogenesis is the process of female gamete (ovum or egg) production in animals. Spermatogenesis is the process of male gamete (sperm) production in animals. Provide two major differences between the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Provide one similarity between the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.arrow_forwardTemperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is the method of sex determination in sea turtles. In TSD, temperature experienced during embryonic development determines the sex of the offspring. TSD is only observed in reptiles and teleost fish. The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but the production of estrogen, which causes female development, seems to be critical. A potential pathway is shown in Figure 1. Explain the most likely gender(s) of sea turtles if TSD pattern I eggs are incubated at 92°F and an aromatase competitive inhibitor is applied.arrow_forwardListed in the table below are the five major reproductive hormones that support ovulation in female mammals, including the giant panda. Describe the role of each hormone in this process and the approximate time during the ovarian cycle that it reaches peak levels. Hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Estrogen Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Progesterone Role in Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle Timing of Peak Levelarrow_forward
- Describe the biological basis for the 1 : 1 ratio of malesand females at conception in mammals.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does NOT correctly describe a difference between the male and female reproductive systems? Select one: a. Testosterone has a major role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in male reproductive systems, whereas LH promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. b. The male reproductive system mass produces large quantities of gametes each day, whereas the female reproductive system produces an average of a single gamete each month. c. The excretory and reproductive systems both use the urethra in males, whereas in females, there are separate tubes for the excretory and reproductive systems. d. The structures that produce gametes are exterior to the body in the male reproductive system, whereas the gametes are produced inside the body for females.arrow_forwardDiscuss the process and pathways of fertilzation in turtles. Also provide or show a diagram how does fertilization occur in female turtlesarrow_forward
- All physiological mechanisms are directed towards reproductive success in female. Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with examples.arrow_forwardTemperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is the method of sex determination in sea turtles. In TSD, temperature experienced during embryonic development determines the sex of the offspring. TSD is only observed in reptiles and teleost fish. The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but the production of estrogen, which causes female development, seems to be critical. A potential pathway is shown in Figure 1.arrow_forwardThe species Taenia saginata is a parasitic worm of humans. The parasite's life cycle is as follows: Hermaphroditic adults live in the small intestine cavity of an infected human. The adult worm consists of rings that are produced in the anterior region of the worm, in which there is production of male gametes which fertilize female gametes then these rings (called proglottids) detach from the posterior end of the worm and exit in the external environment through the anus of the infected human. The eggs resulting from fertilization, present in the proglottids, are released and can infect a bovid if they are ingested along with grass. In the bovid, the developing eggs are particularly localized in the muscles of the bovid and turn into a shape called a cysticercus (each egg becomes a cysticercus). 1-Specify which species is the definitive host of the parasitic worm, justifying your answer 2- Specify the type of parasitism of this worm, justifying your answer 3-Specify which is (are) the…arrow_forward
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