Concept explainers
Introduction:
Tetanus is also known as lockjaw which is an infection (serious) that is caused due to Clostridium tetani. This is a bacterium forms toxin that will affect the nervous system and brain. It, therefore, leads to stiffness of the muscles.
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
To obtain immediate immunity against tetanus, a patient should receive an immunoglobulin against the toxin tetanus or tetanus antitoxin.
Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Option (d) is given as “immunoglobulin against the tetanus toxin (antitoxin)”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
If a patient gets injured by a rusted nail in the ground or scratch of a rabis unaffected animal, then he should receive an immunoglobulin of tetanus as quickly as possible. The immunoglobulin of tetanus consists of antibodies which kills the bacterium present in the injured area; Clostridium tetani. The immunoglobulin is injected into the vein and helps in providing a short-term protection to the patient.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “an attenuated vaccine of Clostridium tetani”.
An attenuated vaccine consists of avirulent microbes. It cannot be given to the patient, as tetanus spreads more quickly. The immune system needs time to recognize the vaccine and to produce memory antibodies against it. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “a modified live vaccine of C. tetani”.
An attenuated vaccine is also known as modified live vaccines. It cannot be given to the tetanus patient as the microbe remains in its active state, but is avirulent. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “tetanus toxoid”.
Toxoid vaccines are the modified toxins that are responsible for inducing active immunity, but it requires multiple doses, thus tetanus toxoid cannot be given to the patient. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.
The antitoxin of tetanus or immunoglobulin of tetanus is given to the patient who has to obtain immunity against tetanus.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
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