Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780078024283
Author: Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Theresa Bidle
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 17, Problem 1CSL
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The reason that why the lab test results from his blood indicate that he has an elevated blood glucose level.
Introduction:
Insulin is a peptide hormone which is secreted by B-cell of islets of the Langerhans in the endocrine organs. It is secreted when the level of glucose is high in the blood. It decreases blood glucose levels from the cells of liver, muscles, and adipose. Diabetes is due to the disability of the body to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Type 1 diabetes is also termed as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile diabetes.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
For our patient John with diabetes type II, he can make insulin but his body cells can be resistant to this insulin. Note: activated insulin receptors will activate glucose receptors.
John takes a drug called metformin, in conjunction with regulating his diet and exercising. This drug has two main effects. First, it helps reduce hepatic (liver) production of glucose. Second, it helps cells become more sensitive to insulin. Explain how these two effects of metformin can help John.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, cells no longer respond to the hormone insulin. What change has likely occurred in these cells to make them insulin resistant?
Among other effects, insulin is a positive modulator of the enzyme glucokinase in liver cells. If patients with diabetes mellitus produce insufficient insulin, explain why these patients cannot properly respond to increases in blood glucose.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
Ch. 17.1 - How does the endocrine system differ from the...Ch. 17.1 - Diabetes mellitus is noted by sustained high blood...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3WDYLCh. 17.2 - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the...Ch. 17.3 - Identify which of the following hormone categories...Ch. 17.3 - What two events or processes associated with a...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 17.4 - Why are carrier proteins necessary for...Ch. 17.4 - What is the added benefit of a carrier protein?Ch. 17.4 - What is the relationship of hormone synthesis to...
Ch. 17.5 - Where are lipid-soluble hormone receptors located?...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 17.6 - How does down-regulation of cellular receptors...Ch. 17.6 - What effects are seen when hormones act...Ch. 17.7 - What is the anatomic connection between the...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 16WDYLCh. 17.7 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 17.8 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 17.8 - Prob. 19WDYLCh. 17.8 - What is the relationship of TRH, TSH, and TH in...Ch. 17.8 - What are the primary target organs/issues of TH?...Ch. 17.8 - Prob. 22WDYLCh. 17.8 - What are the primary target organs/tissues of...Ch. 17.9 - Why is the pancreas considered both an exocrine...Ch. 17.9 - Is the stimulus for insulin and glucagon release...Ch. 17.9 - What is the stimulus, receptor, control center,...Ch. 17.9 - Which of these hormones causes release of glucose...Ch. 17.10 - How do melatonin levels change throughout the day?Ch. 17.10 - What is the primary hormone released from the...Ch. 17.10 - Prob. 30WDYLCh. 17.10 - Prob. 31WDYLCh. 17.11 - What general changes occur to the ability of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 17 - This hormones primary function is to regulate...Ch. 17 - Which of the following are components of...Ch. 17 - A hormone released from the anterior pituitary is...Ch. 17 - The action of water-soluble hormones may include...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6DYKBCh. 17 - Glucagon has an __________ effect to insulin on...Ch. 17 - Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) are produced in...Ch. 17 - Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the a....Ch. 17 - All of the following hormones are released from...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11DYKBCh. 17 - Prob. 12DYKBCh. 17 - Explain the three mechanisms used to stimulate...Ch. 17 - Identify the three chemical classes of hormones,...Ch. 17 - Describe how local hormones differ from...Ch. 17 - Explain the function of carrier proteins in...Ch. 17 - Describe how water-soluble hormones interact with...Ch. 17 - Explain how the hypothalamus oversees and controls...Ch. 17 - Explain how the hypothalamus oversees and controls...Ch. 17 - Discuss the homeostatic system involving insulin.Ch. 17 - George is a 43-year-old construction worker who...Ch. 17 - What is the best diagnostic test to determine if...Ch. 17 - Jelena is late for work and is rushing to get out...Ch. 17 - Blood samples from a young woman named Michelle...Ch. 17 - Stephen is taking a new weight-loss supplement...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 17 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 17 - Henry is a well-informed patient who is interested...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.arrow_forward(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?arrow_forwardJuvenile Diabetes (Type I) is an autoimmune disease. What does this mean and how does this lead to high blood glucose levels?arrow_forward
- Nancy suffers from insulin dependent diabetes Mellitus and is on insulin therapy. You administered her insulin dose orally and realized hours later that she is hyperglycaemic despite your administration of the right dose. Explain what might have led to thisarrow_forwardIn type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is nonfunctional. These individuals are described as “starving in the sea of plenty” because their blood glucose levels are high, but none of the glucose is transported into the cells. Describe how this leads to malnutrition.arrow_forwardGraves Disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroxine. This is caused by proteins that mimic TSH. The growth of thyroid tissue is overstimulated which causes the thyroid to become enlarged. This is otherwise known as a goitre. Explain why the removal of a part of the thyroid gland would be a potential treatment for Grave’s disease?arrow_forward
- Oxytocin is a reproductive hormone associated with parturition and lactation. A research study examined the blood serum levels of oxytocin in patients who have Type 2 diabetes and those with normal blood glucose levels. Each group was then subdivided into normal weight patients and obese patients. The levels of oxytocin were found to be lower in the obese patients with Type 2 diabetes than in the normal weight patients with normal blood glucose levels.Select the FOUR possible side effects that a lower level of oxytocin may have on a patient. Naturally occurring labour Induced labour Weaker uterine contractions during labour Stronger uterine contractions during labour Increased levels of prostaglandins Decreased levels of prostaglandins Increased movement of milk into the breast Decrease movement of milk into the breastarrow_forwardPancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is probably related in part to: a) Decreased advanced glycation end products b) Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells resulting in no insulin secretion c) Decreased beta cell mass d) Increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretionarrow_forwardHypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce adequate amounts crucial hormones. In the early stages, persons suffering from this condition may be asymptomatic. However, chronic hypothyroidism may show signs of paleness. Please explain the physiological reasons for this symptomatology.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast formulation of long acting insulin and short acting insulin. How do their properties help control the rate at which the Delivered insulin enters bloodstream?arrow_forwardWhy is insulin not given orally but its injected into the body?arrow_forwardA male patient was admitted to hospital because his extremities were cyanotic (blue in colour) and he had some convulsions. His blood sugar levels indicated that he was hypoglycemic. The doctors initially gave him glucose intravenously as well as adding it to his diet, but his blood sugar level did not stabilize. However, when the doctors introduced glucagon, the blood sugar levels stabilized. The patient was diagnosed as having a deficiency in glucagon. Select the item below that describes an effect of this condition. Select one: a. The liver breaks down glycogen to glucose, increasing the blood glucose concentration. b. The liver cannot break down glycogen to glucose, so the blood glucose remains low. c. The adipose tissue breaks down fat to form glycogen, keeping blood glucose low. d. The muscle cells cannot store glycogen, so the blood glucose remains high.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax