Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 17, Problem 11SAQ
Interpretation Introduction
Introduction: The change in the standard free energy
where R is gas constant as
T is Temperature
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Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 17 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 17 - Q3. Arrange the gases—F2, Ar, and CH3F—in order of...Ch. 17 - Q5. A reaction has a ΔHrxn = 54.2 kJ. Calculate...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 17 - Q7. Use standard entropies to calculate for the...Ch. 17 - Q8. Use standard free energies of formation to...Ch. 17 - Q9. Find ΔG$$ for the reaction 2 A + B → 2 C from...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 17 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 17 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 17 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 17 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 17 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 17 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 17 - 1. What is the first law of thermodynamics, and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2ECh. 17 - 3. What is a perpetual motion machine? Can such a...Ch. 17 - 4. Is it more efficient to heat your home with a...Ch. 17 - 5. What is a spontaneous process? Provide an...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6ECh. 17 - Prob. 7ECh. 17 - Prob. 8ECh. 17 - Prob. 9ECh. 17 - Prob. 10ECh. 17 - Prob. 11ECh. 17 - Prob. 12ECh. 17 - Prob. 13ECh. 17 - Prob. 14ECh. 17 - Prob. 15ECh. 17 - 16. Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the...Ch. 17 - 17. State the third law of thermodynamics and...Ch. 17 - 18. Why is the standard entropy of a substance in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 19ECh. 17 - Prob. 20ECh. 17 - 21. What are three different methods to calculate...Ch. 17 - Prob. 22ECh. 17 - Prob. 23ECh. 17 - Prob. 24ECh. 17 - Prob. 25ECh. 17 - Prob. 26ECh. 17 - 27. Which of these processes is spontaneous?
a....Ch. 17 - 28. Which of these processes are nonspontaneous?...Ch. 17 - 29. Two systems, each composed of two particles...Ch. 17 - 30. Two systems, each composed of three particles...Ch. 17 - 35. Without doing any calculations, determine the...Ch. 17 - 36. Without doing any calculations, determine the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 33ECh. 17 - 38. Without doing any calculations, determine the...Ch. 17 - 39. Calculate ΔSsurr at the indicated temperature...Ch. 17 - Prob. 36ECh. 17 - 41. Given the values of ΔH$$, ΔS$$, and T,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 38ECh. 17 - Prob. 39ECh. 17 - 4440. Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy...Ch. 17 - Calculate the free energy change for this reaction...Ch. 17 - Prob. 42ECh. 17 - Prob. 43ECh. 17 - Prob. 44ECh. 17 - Prob. 45ECh. 17 - 50. What is the molar entropy of a pure crystal at...Ch. 17 - Prob. 47ECh. 17 - 52. For each pair of substances, choose the one...Ch. 17 - 53. Rank each set of substances in order of...Ch. 17 - 54. Rank each set of substances in order of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 51ECh. 17 - Prob. 52ECh. 17 - Prob. 53ECh. 17 - Prob. 54ECh. 17 - Prob. 55ECh. 17 - Prob. 56ECh. 17 - Prob. 57ECh. 17 - 62. For each reaction, calculate , , and at 25 °C...Ch. 17 - 63. Use standard free energies of formation to...Ch. 17 - 64. Use standard free energies of formation to...Ch. 17 - 65. Consider the reaction:
2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 62ECh. 17 - 67. Determine ΔG° for the reaction:
Fe2O3(s) + 3...Ch. 17 - 68. Calculate for the reaction:
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s)...Ch. 17 - 69. Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0 °C...Ch. 17 - 70. Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0...Ch. 17 - 71. Consider the reaction:
CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 68ECh. 17 - Prob. 69ECh. 17 - Prob. 70ECh. 17 - Prob. 71ECh. 17 - 7762. Consider the reaction:
I2(g) + Cl2(g) 2...Ch. 17 - 77. Estimate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 17 - 78. Estimate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 17 - 79. Consider the reaction:
H2(g) + I2(g) 2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 76ECh. 17 - 81. The change in enthalpy () for a reaction is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 78ECh. 17 - 83. Determine the sign of ΔSsys for each...Ch. 17 - 84. Determine the sign of ΔSsys for each...Ch. 17 - 85. Our atmosphere is composed primarily of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 82ECh. 17 - 87. Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by the...Ch. 17 - 88. H2 reacts with the halogens (X2) according to...Ch. 17 - 89. Consider this reaction occurring at 298...Ch. 17 - 90. Consider this reaction occurring at 298...Ch. 17 - Prob. 87ECh. 17 - Prob. 88ECh. 17 - 93. These reactions are important in catalytic...Ch. 17 - Prob. 90ECh. 17 - Prob. 91ECh. 17 - Prob. 92ECh. 17 - 97. Consider the reaction X2(g) → 2 X(g). When a...Ch. 17 - 98. Dinitrogen tetroxide decomposes to nitrogen...Ch. 17 - 99. Indicate and explain the sign of ΔSuniv for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 96ECh. 17 - Prob. 97ECh. 17 - Prob. 98ECh. 17 - Prob. 99ECh. 17 - Prob. 100ECh. 17 - Prob. 101ECh. 17 - Prob. 102ECh. 17 - Prob. 103ECh. 17 - 108. The salt ammonium nitrate can follow three...Ch. 17 - 109. Given the data, calculate ΔSvap for each of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 106ECh. 17 - Prob. 107ECh. 17 - Prob. 108ECh. 17 - Prob. 109ECh. 17 - 114. Which statement is true?
a. A reaction in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 111ECh. 17 - Prob. 112ECh. 17 - Prob. 113E
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- Use the data in Appendix J to calculate rG andKPat 25 C for the reaction 2HBr(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g)+Br2() Comment on the connection between the sign of rG and the magnitude ofKP.arrow_forwardThe vaporization of ethanol C2H5OH(l) C2H5OH(g) at its normal boiling point, 351 K, has S = 110. J/K mol Calculate E for the vaporization process at 1 atm and 351 Karrow_forwardConsider the reaction CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) Use the appropriate tables to calculate (a) G at 552C (b) K at 552Carrow_forward
- Heating some metal carbonates, among them magnesium carbonate, leads to their decomposition. MgCO3(s) MgO(s) + CO2(g) (a) Calculate rG and rS for the reaction. (b) Is the reaction product-favored at equilibrium at 298 K? (c) Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at higher temperatures?arrow_forwardA crucial reaction for the production of synthetic fuels is the production of H2 by the reaction of coal with steam. The chemical reaction is C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) (a) Calculate rG for this reaction at 25 C, assuming C(s) is graphite. (b) Calculate Kp for the reaction at 25 C. (c) Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If not, at what temperature will it become so?arrow_forwardA reaction has K = 1.9 1014 at 25C and K = 9.1 103 at 227C. Predict the signs for G, H and S for this reaction at 25C. Assume H and S do not depend on temperature.arrow_forward
- What determines Ssurr for a process? To calculate Ssurr at constant pressure and temperature, we use the following equation: Ssurr = H/T. Why does a minus sign appear in the equation, and why is Ssurr inversely proportional to temperature?arrow_forwardElemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 32 H2(g) B(s) + 3 HCl(g) Calculate rH, rS, and rG at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy- or entropy-driven? [S for B(s) is 5.86 J/K mol.]arrow_forwardIs the combustion of ethane, C2H6, product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) Answer the question by calculating the value of S (universe) at 298 K, using values of fH and S in Appendix L. Does the answer agree with your preconceived idea of this reaction?arrow_forward
- At room temperature, the entropy of the halogens increases from I2 to Br2 to Cl2. Explain.arrow_forwardIndicate which substance in the given pairs has the higher entropy value. Explain your choices.. (a) C2H5OH(l) or C3H7OH(l). (b) C2H5OH(l) or C2H5OH(g). (c) 2H(g) or H(g)arrow_forwardElemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 3/2 H2(g) B(s) + 3HCl(g) Calculate H, S, and G at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy driven or entropy driven?arrow_forward
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