Chapter 16.9, Problem 2PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the solution of ${\text{LiClO}}_{\text{4}}$ is acidic, basic or neutral.

Concept Introduction:

The given solutions can be predicted as acidic, basic or neutral using the following steps:

• Step 1: Break the given salt solution into the component cation and anion.
• Step 2: Determine the reaction of each ionic species with water molecule which is known as hydrolyzing. The term hydrolyzing means the reaction of the ionic species with the cleaved particles of a water molecule such as ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{and}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions.
• Step3: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give protons then the solution is considered to be acidic.
• Step4: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give hydroxide ions then the solution is considered to be basic.
• Step5: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give proton and hydroxide ion then the solution is considered to be neutral.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the solution of ${\text{Na}}_3{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$ is acidic, basic or neutral.

Concept Introduction:

The given solutions can be predicted as acidic, basic or neutral using the following steps:

• Step 1: Break the given salt solution into the component cation and anion.
• Step 2: Determine the reaction of each ionic species with water molecule which is known as hydrolyzing. The term hydrolyzing means the reaction of the ionic species with the cleaved particles of a water molecule such as ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{and}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions.
• Step3: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give protons then the solution is considered to be acidic.
• Step4: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give hydroxide ions then the solution is considered to be basic.
• Step5: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give proton and hydroxide ion then the solution is considered to be neutral.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the solution of $\text{Bi}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3$ is acidic, basic or neutral.

Concept Introduction:

The given solutions can be predicted as acidic, basic or neutral using the following steps:

• Step 1: Break the given salt solution into the component cation and anion.
• Step 2: Determine the reaction of each ionic species with water molecule which is known as hydrolyzing. The term hydrolyzing means the reaction of the ionic species with the cleaved particles of a water molecule such as ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{and}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions.
• Step3: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give protons then the solution is considered to be acidic.
• Step4: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give hydroxide ions then the solution is considered to be basic.
• Step5: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give proton and hydroxide ion then the solution is considered to be neutral.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether the solution of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{CN}$ is acidic, basic or neutral.

Concept Introduction:

The given solutions can be predicted as acidic, basic or neutral using the following steps:

• Step 1: Break the given salt solution into the component cation and anion.
• Step 2: Determine the reaction of each ionic species with water molecule which is known as hydrolyzing. The term hydrolyzing means the reaction of the ionic species with the cleaved particles of a water molecule such as ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{and}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions.
• Step3: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give protons then the solution is considered to be acidic.
• Step4: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give hydroxide ions then the solution is considered to be basic.
• Step5: If the ionic species hydrolyze to give proton and hydroxide ion then the solution is considered to be neutral.