Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between
Concept Introduction:
Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at
Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.
Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby
Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below
Methyl |
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Methylene |
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Methine |
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Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons
FUNCTIONAL GROUP | EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS | EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS |
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether |
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Oxygen of ester |
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Carbonyl groups |
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