Concept explainers
Introduction:
The perception of items that are present in the surroundings is termed as sight or vision. This perception occurs by means of reflection or emission of light from those objects. The retina, the neural component, is one of the principle components of the eyeball. It consists of three cell layers, and these cell layers are composed of ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells. The photoreceptor cells are involved in the absorption of light and produce a chemical or an electrical signal. These cells are of three kinds namely cones, rods, and some ganglion cells. These cone and rod cells generate visual images, and these cells are related to ependymal cells located in the brain.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 16 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
- Larry goes to the doctor complaining that he cant see the right side of the visual field with either eye. Where in the visual signal-processing pathway is Larrys problem occurring?arrow_forwardThe membrane potential of cells within the visual system is recorded in the dark, then following a brief flash of light. During the flash of light you would expect __________ cells to _____________ a rod cell; hyperpolarize b bipolar cell; depolarize c ganglion cell; depolarize d all of the above are correctarrow_forwardIn response to light hitting a cone photoreceptor, the cone cell depolarizes and releases more glutamate the cone cell hyperpolarizes and releases more glutamate the cone cell depolarizes and releases less glutamate the cone cell hyperpolarizes and releases less glutamatearrow_forward
- When the human eye is in complete darkness, how do the cones of the eye respond? Only one type is stimulated None of the types are stimulated All types are stimulated Only two types are stimulatedarrow_forwardIf all neurons transmit the same type of message, how do you know the difference between sound and light? How are you able to distinguish between an intense pain and a mild one? How are these discriminationsadaptive?arrow_forwardFill out the information indicated for tactile receptors in the table below: Name Structure Location Function. (encapsulated or unencapsulated?) Tactile disc Tactile corpuscle Free nerve endings End bulb Bulbous corpuscle Root hair plexus Lamellated corpusclearrow_forward
- Retinal ganglion cells fire at a variety of rates depending on characteristics of the visual stimulus. Select one: True Falsearrow_forwardIn order to see a dim star at night, it is better not to look directly at it. If you see it from the “corner of your eye” and then turn to look at it, it may disappear. Explain how this occurs. Also, you can staredirectly at an object in daylight and continue seeing it, despite the bleaching of photoreceptors. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forwardExplain in detail each and every"Rhodopsin-retinal visual cycle in Rods". (Note: Sir please make sure that you explain each step by giving a heading to each step so that I can easily understand it.)arrow_forward
- When light strikes a photoreceptor, it reduces the amount of glutamate that it releases. This releases ___ cells from inhibition, allowing them to release more neurotransmitters and excite ___ cells. This produces action potentials that travel down the optic nerve. A) horizontal; amacrine B) amacrine; horizontal C) ganglion; bipolar D) bipolar; ganglionarrow_forwardWhen photoreceptors are activated, they synapse with ___________ cells, which then relay to ____________ cells. Question options: A bipolar; amacrine B ganglion; horizontal C bipolar; ganglion D ganglion; bipolararrow_forwardWhich is the correct order of passing information of light stimuli among cells in the retina? ganglion cell bipolar cells → photoreceptor photoreceptor amacrine cells ganglion cell horizontal cell photoreceptor ganglion cell photoreceptor → bipolar cells → ganglion cellarrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning