What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 16, Problem 6MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The transfer of genes to the next generation is the key to natural selection.
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Stabilizing selection on a trait tends toa. make the trait more extreme.b. reduce variability in the trait.c. decrease the frequency of alleles associated with the trait.d. result in elaborate male ornaments.
4.9
Which of the following is NOT a valid evolutionary explanation for why aging (or senescence) happens?
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a
b
с
d
Alleles that reduce survival late in life, after most individuals have reproduced, will have a smaller effect on fitness than
alleles that affect survival or reproduction early in life.
Alleles that affect survival or reproduction early in life will have a smaller effect on fitness than alleles that reduce survival
late in life.
Alleles that increase reproductive rates early in life sometimes have trade-offs that reduce later survival.
2
Many deaths of younger individuals are due to causes unrelated to life history such as predation, reducing the effects that
aging has on fitness.
Chapter 16 Solutions
What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- In a natural population it was noticed that some natural variants with different forms, behaviors or physical traits are better at getting through life and reproducing compared to other others. Look at the diagram below, decide which choice best explains why the natural occurring trait is passed on. 1 2 RRORS O Brown fur color in mice blends in with the environment better so the brown mice will survive and pass on their fur color traits O White fur color in mice blends in with the environment better so the white mice will survive and pass on their fur color traits O Both brown and white fur color in mice blend in with the environment well so both types of mice will survive and pass on their fur color traitsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is false? a. The color of a fruit fly's eyes is a trait. b. The instructions for producing a trait are found in a gene that controls the physical expression of that trait. c. A gene can have different alleles that can specify different traits, such as red or brown eye color. d. The trait is influenced by the gene, independent of the environment. e. By studying the patterns of traits over generations of an organism, the genetic composition of an organism can be deduced.arrow_forwardD. The peak would become lower and more rounded. Natural selection changes the allele frequencies of the population which results in different observed phenotypes from the original population. Determine the pattern of Natural Selection observed in each scenario (questions 32-34). 23. Scenario 1: In Lobster populations, the large dominant alpha males obtain mates by brute force, while small males can sneak in for a copulation session with females when the alpha is distracted. As a result the medium sized lobster males do not have a chance to pass their genes to the next generation because they lack stealth and strength. Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection Directional Selection Normal Selection A. В. C. D. 24. Scenario 2: Women often have complications during labor while giving birth to very large babies, whereas very small babies tend to be underdeveloped. As a result, medium sized babies are the ones that end up surviving to adulthood. Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection…arrow_forward
- Relative fitness a. refers to the survival rate of one phenotype compared to that of another. b. is the physical condition of an individual’s siblings and cousins. c. refers to the reproductive success of a phenotype. d. None of the choices is correct.arrow_forward2) The more impressive the tail of a male peacock, the higher its chances of finding a mate. Female peacocks choose mates based on the color of the feathers and the overall physical prowess of the animal. However, a genetic mutation called leucism can produce a peacock with only white feathers. This mutation causes the inability of pigment to be deposited into their feathers which results in a white appearance. What would you infer to be the fitness of the white peacock? Choose ALL that apply. A) The females will equally choose the brightly colored and white peacocks as mates. Eliminate B) White peacocks are highly prized, thought to symbolize purity, eternity, and unconditional love, making them desirable mates. C) If females choose the brightest males as partners, the ones without the impressive tails will be less likely to mate and reproduce. D) White peacocks are highly prized, thought to symbolize purity, eternity, and unconditional love, causing them to…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the theories of senescence is correct? Question 2 options: The reason why organisms become old and decrepit is because an individual would often have accumulated too much energy in its lifetime in the form of fat reserve; therefore, an older individual often dies from old-age related diseases. An allele that shows its deleterious effect later in life will always have a smaller impact on an organism's fitness than an allele that shows its deleterious effect early in life. Therefore, late-acting deleterious mutations can be fixed in the population, resulting in shortened lifespans. The allele that can result in early reproduction will always be selected for, even if it comes with a cost of earlier senescence. Typically, for species that live fast would usually die young. None of the abovearrow_forward
- For selective breeding to be successful, the starting populationmusta. have genetic variation that affects the trait of interest.b. be very large.c. be amenable to phenotypic variation caused by environmentaleffects.d. have very little phenotypic variation.arrow_forwardYou are examining the gene in your snail population that confers resistance to a parasite. There are multiple alleles at this locus. Identify the characteristics that would result in the greatest increase in allele frequency (not necessarily the greatest allele frequency) in one single generation of the resistant allele. Answer Resistant allele acts… Initial resistant allele frequency… Selection strength is… a. dominantly high weak b. recessively low strong c. dominantly low strong d. recessively high weak a. Answer a. b. Answer b. c. Answer c. d. Answer d.arrow_forwardA. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is important because it serves as a null hypothesis in studies that evaluate evolution of species. it explains how evolution works. it predicts how allele and genotype frequencies will change over time. it clarifies how traits are passed from parent to offspring. B. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium occurs frequently in natural populations. predicts changes in allele and genotype frequencies. is inhibited by random mating. assumes large population sizes.arrow_forward
- You are examining the gene in your snail population that confers resistance to a parasite. There are multiple alleles at this locus. Identify the characteristics that would result in the greatest increase resistant allele. allele frequency (not necessarily the greatest allele frequency) in one single generation of the Answer Resistant allele acts.. Initial resistant allele frequency... Selection strength is... dominantly high weak la. b. recessively low strong dominantly low strong С. d. recessively high weak O a. Answer a. O b. Answer b. O c. Answer C. O d. Answer d.arrow_forwardYou are studying a genetically modified mouse that produces electric blue fur, which is not a fur color observed in nature. You notice that females prefer males that have the blue fur when given a choice test for mates. This result supports which of the following models of sexual selection? a. Sexual selection for indirect benefits b. Sexual selection for direct benefits c. Sexual selection for arbitrary traits d. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about dominant traits is correct? a. The dominant trait is the one that is expressed. b. They are observed three-fourths as frequently as heterozygous traits. c. They are observed less frequently than recessive traits. d. They increase in frequency over evolutionary time. e. The dominant trait is typically masked by the recessive trait.arrow_forward
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