Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 2TYU
An abnormality in which there is one more or one fewer than the normal number of chromosomes is called (a) a karyotype (b) a fragile site (c) an aneuploidy (d) trisomy (e) a translocation
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Which of the following is least likely to produce genetic variation in the offspring of an individual?
(a) a DNA replication error caused by DNA polymerase in a body cell of the individual
(b) a cross over event during meiosis that creates a new combination of alleles in the gametes
(c) independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis that creates a new combination of alleles in the gametes
(d) the random fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell during sexual reproduction
Discuss the following concepts:
(a) homologous chromosomes
x ½ = 2)
(b) diploidy
(c)
haploidy
Answer the following questions with either True or False.
Provide a justification for your choice.
(a) Alleles occupy different loci on homologous
chromosomes.
(b) Although alleles govern the same kinds of characteristics,
they do not necessarily contain identical
information.
(e) The special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds
the sister chromatids together is a centrosome.
What names are assigned to chromosomes on the basis of their
centromere placement, and where is the centromere located in
each case?
A diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 7 chromosomes and two gametes are found to have 5 chromosomes.
A) Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred.
B) Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16.1 - Distinguish between karyotyping and pedigree...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 16.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 16.1 - Describe two ways in which genome database...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 16.2 - Explain how nondisjunction in meiosis is...Ch. 16.2 - Distinguish among the following structural...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 16.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating how...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 16.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 16.3 - State whether each of the following genetic...Ch. 16.3 - Which of the following genetic diseases is/are...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 16.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 16.4 - Briefly discuss the process of gene therapy,...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 16.5 - State the relative advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 16.5 - Distinguish between genetic screening programs for...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 16.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 16.6 - CONNECT To be expressed, an autosomal recessive...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 3CCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 16 - An abnormality in which there is one more or one...Ch. 16 - The failure of chromosomes to separate normally...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 16 - Examine the following pedigrees. Which is the most...Ch. 16 - Examine the following pedigrees. Which is the most...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 16 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Imagine that you...Ch. 16 - A common belief about human genetics is that an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 16 - EVOLUTION LINK Explain some of the evolutionary...
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- 4) An organism has a diploid number of 16 in a primary oocyte. (a) How many tetrads are present in the first meiotic prophase? (b) How many dyads are present in the second meiotic prophase? (c) How many monads migrate to each pole during the second meiotic anaphase?arrow_forwardDiscuss the following concepts: (a) homologous chromosomes x ½ = 2) (b) diploidy (c) haploidy Answer the following questions with either True or False. Provide a justification for your choice. (a) Alleles occupy different loci on homologous chromosomes.arrow_forward(d) With the random segregation of dyads, how many possible combinations are there at the end of meiosis for a diploid number of 10? (e) If half the chromosomes of a human primary oocyte segregate into the first polar body, which degenerates, why aren't some of the different kinds of chromosomes of the diploid chromosome complement absent from the egg? (f)What is the significance of the formation of polar bodies?arrow_forward
- E 0 Listen Match the image to the stage. Black is paternal, white is maternal ... < -19 Listen Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 Mitosis G2 Sisters separate Spindle forms 1. Crossing Over Occurs 2. Chromosomes become less distinct, nuclear envelope reforms. Chromosomes Duplicate 3. First Cell Division Occurs lolH HH A single line of chromosomes appears in the middle of the cell 11 F Put the following in order in mitosis and the preceding interphase Hint: Determine whether the event occurs in G1, S, G2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase or cytokinesis first. Also draw the stages out. d b B d F d b Put the following steps in order during meiosis and the previous interphase. Hint: Determine which step (interphase, Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2) they occur in and then which phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis). Also draw the stages out. B darrow_forwardAn error occurred during meiotic cell division, and a human egg has an extra copy of chromosome 21. That egg was fertilized by a normal sperm to create an embryo. This would lead to an individual A) who was tetraploid B) who would be normal in chromosomal number C) who had trisomy D) who was triploidarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is accurate? Select all that apply. A.)They are the same as sister chromatids. B.) They are genetically identical. C.) They pair during mitosis. D.) They pair during meiosis. E.) They are genetically similar.arrow_forward
- imagine a giraffe whose diploid is 30. A)Under what circumstances would the giraffe go through a process of meiosis? . b) what will be the final result of this meiosis for the giraffe (# of cells + # of chromosomes/cells)arrow_forwardHomologous chromosomes a) are formed when the chromosomes separated during anaphase b) are matching set of chromosomes that a cell receives from both parents c) carry the same alleles in the same sequence d) are a set of identical alleles that a cell receives from both parentsarrow_forwardYou would expect to find a synaptonemal complex in a cell at (a) mitotic prophase (b) meiotic prophase I (c) meiotic prophase II (d) meiotic anaphase I (e) meiotic anaphase IIarrow_forward
- Sketch a series of diagrams showing each of the following, making sure to end each series with haploid cells:(a) How a pair of alleles for a single locus segregate in meiosis(b) How the alleles of two unlinked loci assort independently in meiosis(c) How the alleles of two linked loci undergo genetic recombinationarrow_forwardThe karyotype of a young girl who is affected with Down syndrome revealed that she has 46 chromosomes. Her phenotypically normal older brother's karyotype revealed that he has 45 chromosomes. (a) Propose an explanantion for the chromosome number in both children (b) What would you expect the chromosome number of the parents of these two children?arrow_forwardAn inherited disorder caused by a defective or absent enzyme is called (a) a karyotype (b) trisomy (c) a reciprocal translocation (d) an inborn error of metabolism (e) an aneuploidyarrow_forward
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