Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 2MC
Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to
- a. make the trait more extreme.
- b. reduce variability in the trait.
- c. decrease the frequency of alleles associated with the trait.
- d. result in elaborate male ornaments.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is false?
a.
The color of a fruit fly's eyes is a trait.
b.
The instructions for producing a trait are found in a gene that controls the physical expression of that trait.
c.
A gene can have different alleles that can specify different traits, such as red or brown eye color.
d.
The trait is influenced by the gene, independent of the environment.
e.
By studying the patterns of traits over generations of an organism, the genetic composition of an organism can be deduced.
All of the following are considered a quantitative trait, EXCEPT?
a.
A trait that has a continuously varying phenotype in the population.
b.
A trait that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
c.
A trait that has multiple genes that contribute to the phenotype.
d.
A trait that is influenced by one gene that follows complete dominance inheritance patterns.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced a theory about inheritance in the early 1800s. Which of the following accurately describes his Theory of Acquired Characteristics?
a. Offspring traits are the result of the blending of traits from the parents.
b. Offspring traits are the result of parent individuals modifying their traits due to use or non-use.
c. Traits are acquired from genes, and arise only from the mother not from the father.
d. Traits are acquired from grandparents and skip the parent generation altogether
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4TCCh. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...
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- Which of the following is the MOST important characteristic of a trait for it to undergo descent with modification? A. It must be heritable. B. It must exhibit variation. C. It must exhibit phenotypic plasticity. D. Variation in the trait must be accompanied by variation in fitness.arrow_forwardA type of bird on an island makes nests in both tree roots and in tree branches at various heights from the ground. A ground snake invades the island and eats eggs or chicks from nests in tree roots and low tree branches. Part A: What type of selection is operating on the height at which the bird places its nest? A. Stabilizing B. Balancing C. Directional D. Disruptive What's the rationale? What effect will this selection have on the trait phenotype (height of nest)? Answer based on chart linkedarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about dominant traits is correct? a. The dominant trait is the one that is expressed. b. They are observed three-fourths as frequently as heterozygous traits. c. They are observed less frequently than recessive traits. d. They increase in frequency over evolutionary time. e. The dominant trait is typically masked by the recessive trait.arrow_forward
- A gene exists in two alleles, and the heterozygote has the highest fitness. This situation is likely to result in a. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. b. stabilizing selection. d. balancing selection.arrow_forwardHeritability: A. is the proportion of a trait in an individual that is explained by genes. B. decreases due to natural selection. C. is not influenced by the amount of environmental variance in a population. D. All of the abovearrow_forwardConsider a gene with two alleles, G and g, and heterozygote superiority. Which statement about the fitness of each genotype is correct? A. The fitnesses of the three genotypes would be the same B. The fitness of gg would be greater than that of wither Gg or GG C. There is not enough information to tell D. The fitness of GG would be greater than that of either Gg or gg E. The fitness of Gg would be greater than that of wither gg or GGarrow_forward
- If two or more different genotypes do not respond to environmentalvariation in the same way, this outcome is due toa. a genotype-environment association.b. a genotype-environment interaction.c. the additive effects of alleles.d. both a and b.arrow_forwardYou are examining the gene in your snail population that confers resistance to a parasite. There are multiple alleles at this locus. Identify the characteristics that would result in the greatest increase in allele frequency (not necessarily the greatest allele frequency) in one single generation of the resistant allele. Answer Resistant allele acts… Initial resistant allele frequency… Selection strength is… a. dominantly high weak b. recessively low strong c. dominantly low strong d. recessively high weak a. Answer a. b. Answer b. c. Answer c. d. Answer d.arrow_forwardHeritability of a biological trait is best defined as which of the following? a. The proportion of variation in a trait that is specifically due to genes. b. The proportion of variation in a trait that is due to the environment and genes c. The proportion of variation in a trait that is only due to dominant additive genetic variance. d. The proportion of variation in a trait due to developmental effects.arrow_forward
- When comparing asthma and cystic fibrosis, the proportion of variance in each illness that can be explained by genetic factors: a. Is different for different populations b. is highest in cystic fibrosis c. is the same for both illnesses Od. Is highest in asthmaarrow_forwardIn a population of squirrels in North Carolina, the heritability forbody weight is high. This means thata. body weight is primarily controlled by genes.b. the environment has little influence on body weight.c. the variance in body weight is mostly due to genetic variation.d. both a and b are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are traits typical of intrasexual selection? a. Weapons b. Choosiness c. Combat behaviors d. Both a. and b. e. Both a. and c.arrow_forward
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