Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral and write hydrolysis equations for the acidic and basic solutions.
(a) CsBr; (b) Al(NO3)3; (c) KCN; (d) CH3NH3Cl
Determine the pH of each of the following solutions (Ka and Kb values can be found in the appendices of your textbook or online): (a) 0.045 M hypochlorous acid; (b) 0.0068 M phenol; (c) 0.080 M hydroxylamine.
The major component of vinegar is acetic acid, CH3COOH. Its Ka is 1.8 × 10-5 . One student used 1.000 M NaOH to titrate 25.00 mL vinegar. At the end point, 21.82 mL NaOH was used.
(a) What is the concentration of CH3COOH in vinegar?
(b) What is the pH of the solution at the end point?
(c) What indicator(s) the student should use in this titration? Explain
Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.2VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.5VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.6VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.7VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.8VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.9VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.10VPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.11QA
Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.12QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.13QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.14QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.16QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.17QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.18QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.19QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.20QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.21QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.22QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.23QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.24QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.25QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.26QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.27QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.28QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.29QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.30QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.31QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.32QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.33QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.34QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.35QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.36QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.37QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.38QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.39QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.40QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.41QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.42QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.43QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.44QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.45QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.46QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.47QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.48QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.49QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.50QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.51QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.52QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.53QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.54QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.55QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.56QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.57QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.58QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.59QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.60QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.61QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.62QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.63QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.64QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.65QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.66QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.67QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.68QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.69QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.70QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.71QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.72QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.73QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.74QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.75QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.76QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.77QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.78QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.79QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.80QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.81QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.82QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.83QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.84QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.85QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.86QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.87QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.88QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.89QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.90QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.91QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.92QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.93QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.94QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.95QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.96QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.97QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.98QACh. 16 - Prob. 16.99QA
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- 8. (a) HA(aq) is a weak acid with a dissociation constant, Ka, of 8.8 x 10−12. What is the pH of a 0.022 M solution of A−(aq)? The temperature is 25 ◦C. (b) For the reaction A(g) =A(l), the equilibrium constant is 0.666 at 25.0 ◦C and 0.222 at 75.0 ◦C. Making the approximation that the entropy and enthalpy changes of this reaction do not change with temperature, at what temperature will the equilibrium constant be equal to 0.777?arrow_forwardThe active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10^–8. (a) The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO. Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b) Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000 -fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c) Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1 million-fold, briefly explain how your approach will be different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forwardA solution is formed by adding 2.70 grams of solid sodium hypochlorite, NaClO, to 200.0 ml of 0.0210M calcium hypochlorite, Ca(ClO)₂. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution. You may assume that the sodium hypochlorite dissolve completely and that the change in volume is negligible with the addition of the solid.arrow_forward
- Estimate the calcium concentration (in ppm by mass) in a groundwater sample, which has a pH of 5.63. Assume that the groundwater at this location is saturated with CO2 at a partial pressure of 0.185 atm. The atomic weight of calcium is 40.1 g/mol.arrow_forwardYou prepared 500 mL buffer solution that contains 0.50 moles monoprotic weak acid (HA) and 0.30 moles conjugate base (NaA). The solution has a pH of 4.20. (a) What is the Kp of the conjugate base, NaA? (b) What is the pH of the buffer solution after adding 400 mL of 0.30 M H,SO4? pH = pKa – log(THA), [A*]arrow_forwardThe active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10–8. (a)The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO. Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b)Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000 -fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c)Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1million-fold, briefly explain how your approach will be different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forward
- The active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10–8. (a) The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO.Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b) Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000-fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c) Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1 million-fold, briefly explain how your approach willbe different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forward(a) Use Table 18.a or Apendix C to calculate the pH of 0.111 M sodium phenolate, C6H5ONa, which is the sodium salt of phenol?arrow_forwardThe following 4 questions involve the titration of a 50.00 mL sample of 0.200 M chlorous acid, HClO2, with 0.200 M NaOH (aq., 25 oC). The Ka HClO2 = 1.11 x 10–2 1. Calculate the pH of the solution before any NaOH has been added.arrow_forward
- Estimate the calcium concentration (in ppm by mass) in a groundwater sample, which has a pH of 5.63. Assume that the groundwater at this location is saturated with CO2 at a partial pressure of 0.185 atm.arrow_forward7) An aqueous solution containing 25.0 mg of a hormone in 150.0 mL of solution with an osmotic pressure at 25 °C of 9.00 mmHg. What is the molecular weight of the hormone? 8) (a) What is the pH of a solution in which 45 mL of 0.10 M sodium hydroxide is added to 25mL of 0.15M hydrochloric acid? (b) A brand of carbonated beverage has a pH of 3.50. Calculate [H*]=?arrow_forwardSolubility of gases in water increases with increasing mass. Explain? What is the relationship between the value of pKa and the strength of a weak acid?arrow_forward
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