Chapter 16, Problem 16.29EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.29EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is $\alpha$-chlorobutyric acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a four carbon monocarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the alpha carbon atom.  Alpha carbon atom in carboxylic acid is the one that is attached to the carboxyl group.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.29EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is $\beta$-chlorobutyric acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a four carbon monocarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the beta carbon atom.  Beta carbon atom in carboxylic acid is the one that is the second carbon atom from the carboxyl group.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.29EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is chlorosuccinic acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a four carbon dicarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the either of the two carbon atoms as both the carbon atoms present between the two carboxyl groups are identical.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.29EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is $\alpha ,\beta$-dichlorosuccinic acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a four carbon dicarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the alpha carbon atom and beta carbon atom.  Alpha carbon atom in carboxylic acid is the one that is attached to the carboxyl group and the next carbon attached to the alpha carbon atom is the beta carbon atom.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.