EBK PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (SECON
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393616149
Author: Mateer
Publisher: W.W.NORTON+CO. (CC)
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Chapter 16, Problem 13SP
To determine
Explain the situation with diminishing
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Peer pressure is an important influence on the behavior of youngsters. For instance, many preteens begin smoking because their friends pressure them into being “cool” by smoking. Using utility theory, how would you explain peer pressure? How would this compare with the explanations provided by behavioral economics and neuroeconomics?
When consumers were given the opportunity to select a package of ground beef labeled “75% lean” or a package of ground beef labeled “25% fat,” most consumers chose “75% lean.” Why? What concept from the chapter does this illustrate?
The reason is that consumers are swayed by cheap talk. Cheap talk is the concept.
The reason is that consumers are much more likely to choose the alternative framed as the positive option. This is called a framing effect.
The reason is that consumers infer the value of a product from positive advertising. This is called inference induction.
The reason is that consumers respond better to higher numbers. They feel they are getting more because 75 is greater than 25. The concept is the endowment effect.
As we learned in the video, Sheldon is trying to decide between purchasing an XBox and purchasing a PlayStation. Each system has its pros and cons.
Sheldon is willing to pay up to $300 for the XBox, which costs $249. He is willing to pay up to $500 for the PlayStation, which costs $499. Regardless
of which game system he buys, Sheldon plans to purchase a third-party warranty for $20. Let's calculate Sheldon's opportunity cost of purchasing
each system.
V
3rd attempt
Part 1
What is Sheldon's opportunity cost if he buys the XBox? $
Part 2
What is Sheldon's opportunity cost if he buys the PlayStation? $
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Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (SECON
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- Can you please elaborate on what incoterms are and why they're importantarrow_forwardWhen a company offers a new product or service, they estimate how much of that product or service people will want at different prices. This is referred to as the product or service demand. As the price of a product or service increases, the demand usually decreases, and this drives the price down. Companies use the estimated demand to determine how much of a product or service they are willing to supply at different prices. As the price of a product or service increases, companies are willing to supply more of it because they will earn more money. If you graph the demand and the supply curves on the same xy-plane, they will sometimes intersect at the point where the price and the supply are in equilibrium. Consider the scenario below. Yaseen is a local artist who wants to increase the amount of money she earns every month by selling at-home painting kits. These kits will include a photograph of the finished painting, a link and password to Yaseen’s YouTube channel where she will…arrow_forwardSuppose you are designing an intervention to increase daily physical activity among adults. Describe how you would draw on concepts from behavioral economics to design the intervention.arrow_forward
- Sean is arguing with his girlfriend, Yvette. They have been going out for a little more than two years. YVETTE: I'm leaving you, Sean. Get over it. SEAN: Are you saying that being single will make you happier than you've been with me? Speaking personally, I think the utility we've had in this relationship was much more than you could have had if you'd been single this whole time! YVETTE: I had taken an economics class and the word "utility" rings a bell. It's not that at all. We've had a fine time. It's that the utility I would get by continuing our relationship isn't worth it anymore. SEAN: I've never been dumped by someone citing the law of before. You're a piece of work, you know that? Yvette doesn't hear. She has already walked off, leaving Sean feeling like something of a sunk cost.arrow_forwardExplain how utility could be used in a decision where performance is not measured by monetary value.arrow_forwardRead the following article and then answer the questions that follow: Without question, the most important positive action you can take to prevent illness and disease is exercise. Exercise prevents a long list of diseases that can cause chronic or severe illness, disability, and even death, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, vascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. Exercise also prevents mental health illness and disease disorders, including depression, anxiety, and stress. While some of these disease processes can be reversed with exercise and healthy life-style, some cannot. Preventing them from starting is the number one goal. The most negative lifestyle behaviour is smoking. Smoking contributes to the development of almost all diseases, notably cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and asthma. Smoking has the following negative health effects: lowers immunity, making you more likely to get bronchitis,…arrow_forward
- A consumer’s demand for a medical service is as follows: Q = 100 – PP where PP is the out-of-pocket price she actually faces. She is considering four different insurance options: uninsurance, full insurance, and a copayment plan with a $25 copay. Assume this service has a list price of PL = $70. Calculate Q under each insurance plan: uninsured , fully insured , 50% coinsurance , and copayment plan Do you observe evidence of moral hazard? (yes or no?)arrow_forwardConsumers choice theory assumes that consumer are rational but we observe a person behaving differently in apparently similar situations. Is it realistic to think that we account for rational behaviour in every situation?arrow_forwardWhat do you think of the ethics of using unconscious nudges to alter people’s behavior? Before you answer, consider the following argument made by economists Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, who favor the use of nudges. They argue that in most situations, we couldn’t avoid nudging even if we wanted to because whatever policy we choose will contain some set of unconscious nudges and incentives that will influence people. Thus, they say, we might as well choose the wisest set of nudges.arrow_forward
- Anon is a graduate student at Lock Haven University studying human behavior. Three subjects, Felicity, Terrance, and Lola, listed their utility for pineapple and watermelon. Anon believes he will be able to tell which subject likes pineapple the most by referring to the levels of utility each one reported. His adviser, Dr. Util, tells him his research is flawed. Explain why Dr. Util feels this way.arrow_forwardDo you believe in the principles of behavioral economics as the new way to guide economic thought and theory or are the fundamentals of traditional economics(eg. Efficient Markets Hypothesis) a necessary baseline which enables us to then understand deviations from rationality? Why? Give two examples of both real-life irrationality (behavioral economics) and rationality (traditional economics).arrow_forwardYou have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your opportunity cost of seeing a movie this afternoon? Select one: O a. $57 O b. $12 ○ c. $22 ○ d. $8arrow_forward
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