Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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The tickle response can also trigger escape movements, increased heart rate and tears. What type of efferent neurons influence skeletal muscle movements, and which ones are responsible for increased heart rate, tears, etc.?
Lower back pain is quite common in America and treatments for this pain include muscle relaxants. How does the drug cyclobenzaprine work as a muscle relaxant at a cellular level? Which part of the muscle contraction is interrupted by cyclobenzaprine? Is it effective on the muscle itself or active in the central nervous system?
Why would severe trauma to skeletal muscle such as acrush injury have permanently disabling effects?
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- Why would cardiac muscle cells and some smooth muscle cells continue to contract even when their nerve supply has been removed or severed?arrow_forwardWhat is the process of an action potential in muscle tissue?arrow_forwardPut the following events in chronological order. (Some of the steps may be missing.)1) Ca*+ floods into the pre-synaptic neuron.2) ch (Acetylcholine) binds to ACh receptors in the sarcolemma.3) Na+ floods into the post-synaptic muscle cell.4) The A.P arrives at the pre-synaptic terminal causing Ca+ channels to open.5) Ach from the synaptic vesicles spills into the pre-synaptic cleft.6) A post-synaptic action potential results in the muscle fiber (depolarizationarrow_forward
- How does the neuron activate the muscle fiber? Use key terms below and identify them on a diagram. Brain, motor neuron, action potential (AP), neuromuscular junction (NMJ), muscle fiberarrow_forwardWhat happens to the membrane potential when a nerve cell is stimulated?arrow_forwardHow does the nervous system speciically control the muscular system?arrow_forward
- Why is the innervation of single-unit smooth muscle often restricted to only a few cells in the tissue?arrow_forwardContrast antagonistic control and tonic control of smooth muscles. Why are different receptor types important?arrow_forwardIf a nerve cells was going to connect to a Skeletal muscle, would it connect to a multipolar neuron, unipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, or all of them?arrow_forward
- When curare, a neuromuscular poison, is dropped onto an isolated muscle-nerve preparation in a laboratory, the muscle does not contract when the nerve is stimulated, even though neurotransmitter is released from the nerve cell. Why does this happen? How might this action of curare be lethal to an individual who has been poisoned?arrow_forwardWhy would cardiac muscle cells and some smooth muscle cells.continue to contract even when their nerve supply has been removed or severed?arrow_forwardMuscle spindle structures consist of: Extrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons Extrafusal muscle fibers and alpha motor neurons Golgi tendon organs and gamma motor neurons Intrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neuronsarrow_forward
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