Chapter 15.2, Problem 3MI

Summary Introduction

To define:

The given terms using a book or a dictionary.

Introduction: Darwin gave a new theory of natural selection that could explain evolution of species. The theory of evolution states that all organisms on earth have a common ancestor. There are many evidences that suggest this; such as structural adaptations, fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, geographical distribution etc.

Explanation of Solution

Derived trait- Newly evolved features such as feathers that do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors are called derived traits.

Ancestral trait- This includes primitive features such as teeth and tails that do appear in the ancestral forms.

Homologous structures- Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor are called homologous structures.

Vestigial structure- These are structures that are the reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms.

Analogous structures- Functionally similar but structurally different structures not inherited from a common ancestor are called analogous structures.

Embryo- It refers to early stage of development of plant or animal.

Biogeography- It refers to the study of distribution of plants and animals on Earth.

Fitness- It refers to the count of offspring born to an individual with a trait compared to an individual without a trait.

Camouflage- An adaptation in which a species blends in with its environment is called camouflage.

Mimicry- An adaptation in which a species resembles other species is called mimicry.