Macroeconomics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134735696
Author: PARKIN, Michael
Publisher: Pearson,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 15, Problem 5SPA
(a)
To determine
Identify the strategies and construct the payoff matrix of the game.
(b)
To determine
Identify the equilibrium point if the games are played only once.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
2. Consider the following game:
Soapy Inc. and Suddies Inc. are the only producers of soap
powder. They collude and agree to share the market equally.
If neither firm cheats on the agreement, each makes $1
million profit. If either firm cheats, the cheat makes a profit
of $1.5 million, while the complier incurs a loss of $0.5
million. If both cheat, they break even. Neither firm can
monitor the other's actions.
a) Construct the payoff matrix.
b) What is the dominant strategy?
c) What is the nash equilibrium for this game?
Imagine two competitor firms are deciding whether to advertise their products or
not. Advertising costs the firms money, but it also increases sales. If only one of
the two firms advertises, that firm will take almost all of the sales. If both firms
advertise, or both firms do not advertise, then they will have about half the sales
each. Here are their payoffs.
Firm A
Advertise
Don't advertise
Advertise
20 20
0 80
*
Firm B
Don't Advertise
80 0
50 50
a) Find any Nash equilibria in the game.
b) Discuss and explain the Pareto-optimality of any equilibria you find.
c) Discuss how you might achieve stable Pareto-optimality.
Save Answer
Consider two cigarette companies, PM Inc. and Brown Inc. If neither company advertises, the two companies spit the market and earn $60 million each. If they both advertise, they
again split the market, but profits are lower by $20 million since each company must bear the cost of advertisirlg. Yet if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that
advertises attracts customers from the other. In this case, the company that advertises earns $70 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. What will
these two companies do if they behave as individual profit maximizers?
Neither company will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $60.
One company will advertise, the other will not. Brown Inc. earns $70.
Both companies will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $40.
Both companies will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $60.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Macroeconomics
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15.1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15.1 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15.1 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15.2 - Prob. 6RQ
Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15.4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15 - Prob. 1SPACh. 15 - Prob. 2SPACh. 15 - Prob. 3SPACh. 15 - Prob. 4SPACh. 15 - Prob. 5SPACh. 15 - Prob. 6SPACh. 15 - Prob. 7SPACh. 15 - Prob. 8SPACh. 15 - Prob. 9APACh. 15 - Prob. 10APACh. 15 - Prob. 11APACh. 15 - Prob. 12APACh. 15 - Prob. 13APACh. 15 - Prob. 14APACh. 15 - Prob. 15APACh. 15 - Prob. 16APACh. 15 - Prob. 17APACh. 15 - Prob. 18APACh. 15 - Prob. 19APACh. 15 - Prob. 20APACh. 15 - Prob. 21APACh. 15 - Prob. 22APACh. 15 - Prob. 23APA
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Game Theory. Consider the following scenario: Two cloth manufacturing companies, A and B. Firm A designs a few costumes, and they are confident enough that they will be sold quickly in the market, but after launching their designs, they make very little profit due to a lack of capital to promote their designs. Now firm B uses these designs and makes a significant profit due to its brand value. 1. Demonstrate that the situation IS a game (explain strategic interaction/conflict).arrow_forwardBob's Product- Strategy Pizza No Pizza Sam's Product Strategy No Pizza A U Pizza -$10 с -$10 $0 $15 B D $15 $10 $0 $10 Refer to the payoff matrix. Bob's Burgers and Sam's Sandwiches are competing restaurants in a small town. Both are considering adding pizza to their line of products. If this is a sequential game but we don't know who moves first, what can we say about the final outcome? A. There is no Nash equilibrium attainable for this game. B. Cell A represents the only Nash equilibrium possible for this game. C. Cell D represents the only Nash equilibrium possible for this game. D. Cells B and C both represent possible Nash equilibrium outcomes for this game.arrow_forwardThe payoff matrix below is for two firms, A and B, deciding the quantity of their output levels. What is the dominant strategy of each firm? icrosc Firm B Strategy High output Low output High output 100, 80 0, 125 Firm A Low output 65, 0 40, 65 Both firms produce low levels of output. DO cGill Both firms produce high levels of output. Temp Firm A's dominant strategy is to produce low levels of output, but Firm B does not have a dominant strategy. Order Article O Firm B's dominant strategy is to produce low levels of output, but Firm A does not have a dominant strategy. Neither firm has a dominant strategy. oy 00 halysisarrow_forward
- II.2 Companies A and B can compete on advertising or R&D. The profits (in millions of $ million) of the two firms are given in the table below assumig that they play a one-shot simultancous mov game (the profit or firm A is listed first in every cell of the matrix, followed by the profit of firm B): Advertising R&D 50, 25 10, 70 20, 40 60, 35 1. Find the mixed strategy equilibrium. A\B Advertising R&D 2. What are the expected profits for both firms in this equilibrium?arrow_forwardQuestion 25 Consider two cigarette companies, PM Inc. and Brown Inc. If neither company advertises, the two companies split the market and earn $60 million each. If they both advertise, they again split the market, but profits are lower by $20 million since each company must bear the cost of advertising. Yet, if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that advertises attracts customers from the other. In this case, the company that advertises earns $70 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. What will these two companies do if they behave as individual profit maximizers? Both companies will advertise. Brown Inc. earns $40. Neither company will advertise. Brown Inc. earns $60. Both companies will advertise. PM Inc. earns $60. One company will advertise, and the other will not. Brown Inc. earns $70.arrow_forwardSamsung Expensive Cheap Apple Expensive Cheap 2,6 3,3 4,4 6,2 Apple and Samsung control the majority of the Smart Phones. Suppose the diagram above represents their strategic options, either to offer an expensive or a cheap phone in the market. If both firms offer an expensive phone, they will each earn 4 billion dollars. If Samsung offers a cheap phone, while Apple offers only an expensive phone, Samsung will earn $6 billion and Apple will earn $2 billion, and vice versa. If they both offer a cheap phone, they will each earn $3 billion. What are the profits in the Nash Equilibrium? Both firms earn $4 billion. Samsung earns $2 billion and Apple earns $6 billion. Samsung earns $6 billion and Apple earns $2 billion. Both firms earn $3 billion.arrow_forward
- These two firms are the only companies that sell a very similar product in California. They are trying to determine whether or not to sell their products via retail stores or online. The values represent profit for each firm and the first number represents profit to Company A and the second number to Company B. Choose all that apply A.)If Company A opens a retail store, Company B is better off opening a retail store B.)Company B has a mixed strategy C.)If Company B opens a retail store, Company A is better off opening a retail store D.)Company A's dominant strategy is to open retail stores E.)The Nash equilibrium is the best outcome for both storesarrow_forwardWhy can Q-learning sustain collusion? a. Because collusion maximizes firms' profit. b. Because collusion is the Nash equilibrium of the pricing game, even if it is played only once. c. Because the algorithm takes into account future profits, and learn that price cutting today will lead to price war tomorrow. d. Because firms use the algorithm to communicate with each other and sustain collusion. 21 Suppose a platform tries to recommend the best movie to Ann and Ben. Movie 1's quality is uniformly distributed from 0 to 1. Movie 2's quality is uniformly distributed from 0.5 to 1. Suppose the platform recommends a movie to Ann and Ben at the same time. What are the expected quality of movie 1 and 2, and which one should it recommend? a. 0.5, 0.5, movie 1. b. 0.75, 0.5, movie 1. c. 0.5, 1, movie 2. d. 0.5, 0.75, movie 2.arrow_forwardDescribe what are the games with mixed strategies?arrow_forward
- 1. Consider the following game between TinMan (TM) and Scarecrow (SC). Each of the two players have two strategies at each node: North and South (uppercase N and S for Scarecrow; lowercase n and s for TinMan). N 4, 5 5, 4 S SC TM TM S n 1, 0 S SC TM SC 3, 2 2, 2 0, 1 N 2, 3 a. Find the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of this game. b. Write the game in strategic form and find all the pure strategy Nash equilibria.arrow_forward8. Two firms, the only firms in the market, sell the same product and have the same marginal cost. They realise they would be better off if they didn't compete with each other. They enter an alternating offers bargaining game to decide how they will divide the monopoly profit, n. They have three periods to come to an agreement. If no agreement is reached after three periods, the firms will compete simultaneously in prices. The firms toss a coin to decide who makes the first offer in the bargaining game. Firm 1 wins and decides to go first. Each firm has a discount factor o. a) Draw the game tree. b) What is the subgame perfect equilibrium when 8 = 0.5? c) What is the equilibrium payoff for each firm? d) Was Firm 1 wise to opt to make the first offer? Explain your answer. %3Darrow_forwardTable 2 below represents the payoff matrix for two firms, X and Y, who compete with each other. Payoffs are in millions of pounds (£) profit. Each firm may choose one of two strategies i.e. set a high price for its output or set a low price for its output. Neither firm knows what strategy the other will adopt. Table 2 11. Firm Y High Price Low Price Firm X High Price X-£7mn, Y-£7mn X=£1mn, Y=£15mn Low Price X-£15mn, Y-£1mn X=£4mn, Y=£4mn In the absence of collusion, which combination of strategies is most likely to occur? a) X sets a low price and Y sets a low price. b) X sets a high price and Y sets a low price. c) X sets a low price and Y sets a high price. d) X sets a high price and Y sets a high price.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning
Economics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...EconomicsISBN:9781305506725Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506893Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Exploring EconomicsEconomicsISBN:9781544336329Author:Robert L. SextonPublisher:SAGE Publications, Inc
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
Economics
ISBN:9781337106665
Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Economics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506725
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506893
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Exploring Economics
Economics
ISBN:9781544336329
Author:Robert L. Sexton
Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc