Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 15, Problem 38P
Quorum sensing controls the expression of virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. Usually, pathogens express toxins in response to receptor activation by ligand binding at high cell density. V. cholerae (the causative agent of cholera) does the opposite; its virulence genes are expressed only at low cell density because its quorum-sensing receptor is repressed by ligand binding. The unusual “reversed” mechanism for activating virulence genes in V. cholerae has suggested to scientists a simple idea for generating a new kind of antibiotic for the treatment of cholera. Explain?
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In a set of experiments, T cells from wild-type (WT) or bm12 mice were mixed in vitro with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in the presence or absence of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and T cell proliferation was measured. The data from these experiments are shown in the figure below. What is the explanation for the results in Rows 1–4 of the table?. Why does the T cell response to SEB (Rows 5–8) show a different pattern than the response to bovine insulin?
Note: Epitope mapping studies identified amino acid residues 1–14 of the bovine insulin A chain as the peptide recognized by CD4 T cells from wild-type mice.
Cholera is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Ultimately, the toxin leads to the activation of ion channels by Protein Kinase A (PKA),
indirectly causing water to leave the cell (following ions out of the cell). This loss of
electrolytes and water from intestinal cells into the intestinal lumen, produces the
watery diarrhea characteristic of a V.cholera infection.
Would you expect lower or higher levels of PKA in cells exposed to the cholera toxin? If
you were to measure CAMP levels in these cells, what would you expect to find? Why?
How might the cholera toxin modify G-proteins to result in these cAMP levels?
The MARCH-1 E3-ubiquitin ligase is expressed in B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The pathway regulated by MARCH-1 is targeted by some pathogens in an immune evasion strategy. In this strategy, the pathogens encode:
A protein that induces degradation of MARCH-1
A protein that mimics MARCH-1 and functions similarly
A protein that binds to MARCH-1 and inhibits its function
A protein that is induced by IL-10 in macrophages and dendritic cells
A protein that induces degradation of CD86
Chapter 15 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 15 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 15 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 15 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 15 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 15 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 15 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 15 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...Ch. 15 - Mutants were isolated in which the constitutive...
Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains containing the lac...Ch. 15 - For each of the growth conditions listed, what...Ch. 15 - For each of the following mutant E. coli strains,...Ch. 15 - Maltose utilization in E. coli requires the...Ch. 15 - Seven E. coli mutants were isolated. The activity...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Six strains of E.coli mutants 16 that had one of...Ch. 15 - a. The original constitutive operator mutations in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - Figure 15.16 on p. 525 shows that in the lac...Ch. 15 - Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to...Ch. 15 - a. How many ribosomes are required at a minimum...Ch. 15 - The following is a sequence of the leader region...Ch. 15 - For each of the E. coli strains that follow,...Ch. 15 - One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as...Ch. 15 - For each element in the list that follows,...Ch. 15 - Great variation exists in the mechanisms by which...Ch. 15 - Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - The E.coli MalT protein is a positive regulator of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 31PCh. 15 - To find genes that are turned on or off in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - Prob. 34PCh. 15 - Prob. 35PCh. 15 - The researchers who investigated bioluminescence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 37PCh. 15 - Quorum sensing controls the expression of...
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