Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 18QLP
The extrusion ratio, die geometry, extrusion speed, and billet temperature all affect the extrusion pressure. Explain why.
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A billet 75mmlong and 25mmin diameter is to be
extruded in a direct extrusion
operation with extrusion ratio rx = 4.0. The
extrudate has a round cross section. The die
angle (half angle) = 90°
The work metal has a strength coefficient = 415
MPa, and strainhardening exponent = 0.18. Use
the Johnson formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to
estimate
extrusion strain. Determine the pressure applied
to the end of the billet as the ram moves
forward
An open die forging operation is performed to produce a steel cylinder with a diameter of
9.7mm and a height of 1.7mm. The strength coefficient for this steel is 500MPA, and the
strain hardening exponent is 0.25. Coefficient of friction at the die-work interface is 0.12.
The initial stock of raw material has a diameter of 5mm.
(a) What height/length of stock is needed to provide sufficient volume of material for this
forging operation?
(b) Compute the maximum force that the punch must apply to form the head in this open-
die operation.
A billet 100 mm long and 30 mm in diameter is to be extruded in a direct
extrusion operation with extrusion ratio r, = 3.5. The extrudate has a round cross
section. The die angle (half angle) = 60°. The work metal has a strength
coefficient = 720 MPa, and strain hardening exponent = 0.17. Use the Johnson
formula with a = 0.8 andb= 1.2 to estimate extrusion strain. Determine the
following:
1. Diameter of the extrudate =
mm
2. Butt volume =
mm3
3. Actual extrudate length =
mm
4. The pressure applied to perform the extrusion process =
MPa
5. Ram force =
N.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 15 - How does extrusion differ from rolling and...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between extrusion and...Ch. 15 - What is a spider die? What is it used for?Ch. 15 - Why are wires sometimes drawn in bundles?Ch. 15 - What is a dead-metal zone?Ch. 15 - Define the terms (a) cladding, (b) dummy block,...Ch. 15 - Why is glass a good lubricant in hot extrusion?Ch. 15 - What types of defects may occur in (a) extrusion...Ch. 15 - Describe the difference between direct and reverse...Ch. 15 - What is land? What is its function in a die?
Ch. 15 - How are tubes extruded? Can they also be drawn?...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12RQCh. 15 - What is the difference between piping and...Ch. 15 - What is impact extrusion?Ch. 15 - What is the pipe defect in extrusion?Ch. 15 - List the similarities and differences between...Ch. 15 - Explain why extrusion is a batch, or...Ch. 15 - The extrusion ratio, die geometry, extrusion...Ch. 15 - Explain why cold extrusion is an important...Ch. 15 - What is the function of a stripper plate in impact...Ch. 15 - Explain the different ways by which changing the...Ch. 15 - Glass is a good lubricant in hot extrusion. Would...Ch. 15 - How would you go about avoiding center-cracking...Ch. 15 - Table 15.1 gives temperature ranges for extruding...Ch. 15 - Will the force in direct extrusion vary as the...Ch. 15 - Comment on the significance of metal flow patterns...Ch. 15 - In which applications could you use the type of...Ch. 15 - What is the purpose of the land in a drawing die?...Ch. 15 - Can spur gears be made by (a) drawing and (b)...Ch. 15 - How would you prepare the end of a wire in order...Ch. 15 - What is the purpose of a dummy block in extrusion?...Ch. 15 - Describe your observations concerning Fig. 15.9.Ch. 15 - Occasionally, steel wire drawing will take place...Ch. 15 - Explain the advantages of bundle drawing.Ch. 15 - Under what circumstances would backward extrusion...Ch. 15 - Why is lubrication detrimental in extrusion with a...Ch. 15 - In hydrostatic extrusion, complex seals are used...Ch. 15 - Describe the purpose of a container liner in...Ch. 15 - Estimate the force required in extruding 7030...Ch. 15 - Assuming an ideal drawing process, what is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41QTPCh. 15 - Calculate the extrusion force for a round billet...Ch. 15 - Prob. 43QTPCh. 15 - A round wire made of a perfectly plastic material...Ch. 15 - Assume that the summary to this chapter is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 47SDPCh. 15 - Figure 15.2 shows examples of discrete parts that...Ch. 15 - The parts shown in Fig. 15.2 are economically...Ch. 15 - Survey the technical literature, and explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 51SDPCh. 15 - List the processes that are suitable for producing...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A 3in long and 1in diameter billet is extruded in a direct extrusion operation with an rx = 4.0. The extrusion has a cross section. The angle of the die (half angle) is 90o. The work metal has a resistance coefficient of 60ksi and a strain hardening exponent of 0.18. Use Johnston's formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to estimate the extrusion stress. Determine the pressure applied to the end of the billet when the piston moves forward.arrow_forwardDuring a direct extrusion process for a billet with 5 in long and diameter 2.5 in to 1.6 in. For the work metal, strength coefficient is 75000 Ib/in, and strain hardening exponent is 0.4, also the die angle of extrusion is 90. In Johnson extrusion strain equation a = 0.8, and b= 1.5. Determine: (a) extrusion ratio (b) true strain (c) extrusion strain, and (d) ram pressure at length 5, 4.2, 2.3,1.5,and 0 in.arrow_forwardIllustrate the advantages of direct extrusion on indirect extrusion?arrow_forward
- A cylindrical billet that is 80 mm long and 32 mm diameter is reduced by backward extrusion to a 12 mm diameter. Half die angle is 90°. If the Johnson equation has a= 0.8 and b= 1.2 , and the flow curve for the work material has strength coefficient is 500 MPa, and strain hardening exponent is 0.8, Determine (a) extrusion ration, (b) true strain, (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram force.arrow_forwardA planned extrusion operation involves cold-rolled steel at 1000°C_with an initial diameter of 110 mmand a final diameter of 20 mm .Two presses, one with capacity (extrusion force) of 20 MN and the other with a capacity (extrusion force) of 7 MN , are available for the operation. Is the smaller press sufficient for this operation? K"=35x10*3 N (Hint: Calculate the extrusion force and compare it to the available two presses]arrow_forwardWrite down what you know about extrusion defects or rolling defectsarrow_forward
- You have been asked to work on some design problems and technically support the team working on extrusion and forging operations: 1) The team are extruding a billet that is 80 mm long with diameter of 40 mm is directly to a diameter of 20 mm. The extrusion die has a die angle of 75°, see Figure 1. For the work metal, K = 600 MPa and n = 0.25. In the Johnson extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.4. Remaining billet length 75 Ram pressure, p D. Dr Figure 1: Extrusion process. Determine the following design parameters: (a) Extrusion ratio. (b) True strain (homogeneous deformation). (c) Extrusion strain. (d) Ram pressure at L= 80, 40, and 10 mm. (e) Draw the relationship between the ram pressure and billet length and discuss the results. What are your recommendations to dccrcase the required ram pressure?arrow_forwardA direct extrusion operation produces a product with a 20 mm x 60 mm cross sectional area from a brass billet whose diameter = 125 mm and length = 350 mm. The flow curve parameters of the brass are K = 700 MPa and n = 0.35. In the Johnson strain equation, a = 0.7 and b = 1.4. Determine (a) the extrusion ratio, (b) the shape factor, (c) the force required to drive the ram forward during extrusion at the point in the process when the billet length remaining in the container = 300 mm, and (d) the length of the extruded section at the end of the operation if the volume of the butt left in the container is 600,000 mm3arrow_forwardA cylindrical part is warm upset forged in an open die. The initial diameter is 50 mm and the initial height is 40 mm. The height after forging is 30 mm. The coefficient of friction at the die-work interface is 0.25. The yield strength of the work material is 285 MPa, and its flow curve is defined by a strength coefficient of 600 MPa and a strain-hardening exponent of 0.12. Calculate the strain at yield point.arrow_forward
- A cylindrical billet that is 100 mm long and 50 mm in diameter is reduced by indirect (backward) extrusion to a 20 mm diameter. The die angle is 90°. In the Johnson equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.4. In the flow curve for the work metal, the strength coefficient = 800 MPa and strain hardening exponent = 0.13. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain (homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram forcearrow_forwardA cylindrical billet that is 100 mm long and 50 mm in diameter is reduced by indirect (backward) extrusion to a 20 mm diameter. The die angle is 90°. In the Johnson equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.4. In the flow curve for the work metal, the strength coefficient = 800 MPa and strain hardening exponent = 0.13. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain (homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram force Please answer d and e (a) Calculate the extrusion ratio. r=6.25 (b) Calculate the true strain. εtrue=1.8333 (c) Calculate the extrusion strain by using Johnson's equation. εext =3.366arrow_forwardExample 10.3 A cylindrical billet of 40 mm diameter and 100 mm length is reduced by indirect (backward) extrusion to a 15 mm diameter using Flat dies. If the Johnson equation has a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 and the flow curve for the work metal has K = 750 MPa and n = 0.15, determine : (i) Extrusion rations (ii) True strain (homogencous deformation) (iii) Extrusion strain (iv) Ram forcearrow_forward
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